지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
Promotion Exam for Officials(PEO, in short, henceforth) were originally set up not for newly appointed persons, but for low officials of under Downward Low-Third Ranks(or Tang-ha-kwan). It was the 3rd king, Tae-jong, who looked for talented bureaucrats after he acceded to the throne in order to strengthen his administrative power. This was the background in which the PEO system was introduced for the first time.
According to the formal regulation, PEO was regularly given once every ten years. The whole count, however, tells us that there were 57 times over all 479 years from the first conduct in 1407 A.D.(the 7th year of Tae-jong reign) to the last one in 1886 A.D.(the 23rd year of Ko-jong reign). The average term interval, then, was 8.4 years which fact implies that there were some additions which did not respect the rule; such a reign as king Se-jong, king Seong-jong, king Joong-jong, and king Young-jo.
The most frequent conduct or the peak of the PEO was observed in 15th century and then it gradually declined. At last, there were less than half percent of the average number of passers for PEO, particularly, recorded around 19th century. This is a sharp contrast with other conducts, along with cannonical Civil Exams(or Moon-kwa), which had a various kind of Extraordinary Exams(or Pyeol-si). The more number of passers rapidly increased as Civil Exams went to the more later period in Joseon dynasty.
The additional conduct of PEO shows at least two characteristics. In the first place, it was a king himself who was eager to tie closely with his supportive officials. This was a core reason of Selection-Exam-of-Gifted(or Pal-young-si) and Picking-up-Exam-of-Talented(or Teung-jun-si) which were originated in 1446 A.D., after the 7th king, Se-jo, conquered the opponents completely to be enthroned. The habitual conducts for PEO made it possible to be called Palace-Garden-Exam for Civil-Officials(or Moon-sin-jeong-si) comprehensively in "the Revised Version of Constitutive Law"(or Sok-tae-jon). This revision also allowed Upward-High-Third-Ranks(or Tang -sang-kwan) to take the exams too. For instance, the 21st king, Yoeng-jo, declared Picking-up-Exam-of-Talented in 1466 A.D. which Low-First-Ranks officials were, for the first time, permitted to take. Secondly, it was a good tool for a king to find loyal officials to get involved in a political renovation or revolution from time to time, in particular, such a reign as the 9th king, Seong-jong, and the 11th king Joong-jong. The former issued PEO twice even in a single period between 1477 and 1487 A.D., and the latter aimed a political reformation through Picking-up Exam.
The analysis of former job careers for the whole passers in Joseon dynasty reveals that there were 7.3% of Upward -High-Third-Ranks(or Tang-sang-kwan), 65.7% of Low-Sixth -to-High-Third-Ranks(or Cham-sang-kwan), 17.3% of Down -ward-High-Seventh-Ranks(or Cham-ha-kwan), 7.1% of former officials(or Jeon-ham-kwan), and 2.6% of passers of Civil-Examinations and/or Temporary-Service-Members(or Keup-je and/or Kwon-ji). Among them, Low-Sixth -to-High-Third-Ranks(or Cham-sang-kwan) occupied the major portion.
The detailed analysis on Low-Sixth-to-High-Third Ranks(or Cham-sang-kwan) includes a various members such as administrative practitioners in charge from E-joeng-pu, Six Ministries, and Each Subdivision Attached; Critical Inspectors from Hong-moon-kwan, Sa-kan-won, and Sa-heon-pu; teaching members from Seong-kyun-kwan, Se-ja-si -kang-won, and Jong-hak; former officials, military officials, and others. The 64.2% of Cham-sang-kwan were filled with officials of Fifth Rank and Sixth Rank. The half of this number, moreover, were from Six Ministries(or Yuk-jo) and Hong -moon-kwan.
The highest position, Upward-High-Third-Ranks(or Tang-sang-kwan), was given to the PEO passers. Each category of the former positions shows a different ratio out of the same category to achieve the ultimate promotion; 71.4% of passers from Low-Sixth-to-High-Third Ranks(or Cham-sang-kwan) attained the goal; 43.9% of Downward-High-Seventh-Ranks(or Cham-ha-kwan), 86.2% of former officials, and 41.7% of Civil-Exams and/or Temporary-Service-Members(or Keup-je and/or Kwon-ji) each. It is said roughly that 66% of all the PEO passers were advanced to the position. This resulted in the large portion of high officials, that is, about 66.5% of Upward-2ndRanks, who took part in decision making procedures in their offices. The most salient portion against the general organization numbers was filled with PEO passers especially in Six Ministries so that they were the majority; Ei-jeong-pu, Sa-heon-pu, Sa-kan-won, Hong-moon-kwan, and Seong-kyun-kwan also reflected the same trend. This means that the passers of PEO were the core bureaucrats in Joseon dynasty.
According to the formal regulation, PEO was regularly given once every ten years. The whole count, however, tells us that there were 57 times over all 479 years from the first conduct in 1407 A.D.(the 7th year of Tae-jong reign) to the last one in 1886 A.D.(the 23rd year of Ko-jong reign). The average term interval, then, was 8.4 years which fact implies that there were some additions which did not respect the rule; such a reign as king Se-jong, king Seong-jong, king Joong-jong, and king Young-jo.
The most frequent conduct or the peak of the PEO was observed in 15th century and then it gradually declined. At last, there were less than half percent of the average number of passers for PEO, particularly, recorded around 19th century. This is a sharp contrast with other conducts, along with cannonical Civil Exams(or Moon-kwa), which had a various kind of Extraordinary Exams(or Pyeol-si). The more number of passers rapidly increased as Civil Exams went to the more later period in Joseon dynasty.
The additional conduct of PEO shows at least two characteristics. In the first place, it was a king himself who was eager to tie closely with his supportive officials. This was a core reason of Selection-Exam-of-Gifted(or Pal-young-si) and Picking-up-Exam-of-Talented(or Teung-jun-si) which were originated in 1446 A.D., after the 7th king, Se-jo, conquered the opponents completely to be enthroned. The habitual conducts for PEO made it possible to be called Palace-Garden-Exam for Civil-Officials(or Moon-sin-jeong-si) comprehensively in "the Revised Version of Constitutive Law"(or Sok-tae-jon). This revision also allowed Upward-High-Third-Ranks(or Tang -sang-kwan) to take the exams too. For instance, the 21st king, Yoeng-jo, declared Picking-up-Exam-of-Talented in 1466 A.D. which Low-First-Ranks officials were, for the first time, permitted to take. Secondly, it was a good tool for a king to find loyal officials to get involved in a political renovation or revolution from time to time, in particular, such a reign as the 9th king, Seong-jong, and the 11th king Joong-jong. The former issued PEO twice even in a single period between 1477 and 1487 A.D., and the latter aimed a political reformation through Picking-up Exam.
The analysis of former job careers for the whole passers in Joseon dynasty reveals that there were 7.3% of Upward -High-Third-Ranks(or Tang-sang-kwan), 65.7% of Low-Sixth -to-High-Third-Ranks(or Cham-sang-kwan), 17.3% of Down -ward-High-Seventh-Ranks(or Cham-ha-kwan), 7.1% of former officials(or Jeon-ham-kwan), and 2.6% of passers of Civil-Examinations and/or Temporary-Service-Members(or Keup-je and/or Kwon-ji). Among them, Low-Sixth -to-High-Third-Ranks(or Cham-sang-kwan) occupied the major portion.
The detailed analysis on Low-Sixth-to-High-Third Ranks(or Cham-sang-kwan) includes a various members such as administrative practitioners in charge from E-joeng-pu, Six Ministries, and Each Subdivision Attached; Critical Inspectors from Hong-moon-kwan, Sa-kan-won, and Sa-heon-pu; teaching members from Seong-kyun-kwan, Se-ja-si -kang-won, and Jong-hak; former officials, military officials, and others. The 64.2% of Cham-sang-kwan were filled with officials of Fifth Rank and Sixth Rank. The half of this number, moreover, were from Six Ministries(or Yuk-jo) and Hong -moon-kwan.
The highest position, Upward-High-Third-Ranks(or Tang-sang-kwan), was given to the PEO passers. Each category of the former positions shows a different ratio out of the same category to achieve the ultimate promotion; 71.4% of passers from Low-Sixth-to-High-Third Ranks(or Cham-sang-kwan) attained the goal; 43.9% of Downward-High-Seventh-Ranks(or Cham-ha-kwan), 86.2% of former officials, and 41.7% of Civil-Exams and/or Temporary-Service-Members(or Keup-je and/or Kwon-ji) each. It is said roughly that 66% of all the PEO passers were advanced to the position. This resulted in the large portion of high officials, that is, about 66.5% of Upward-2ndRanks, who took part in decision making procedures in their offices. The most salient portion against the general organization numbers was filled with PEO passers especially in Six Ministries so that they were the majority; Ei-jeong-pu, Sa-heon-pu, Sa-kan-won, Hong-moon-kwan, and Seong-kyun-kwan also reflected the same trend. This means that the passers of PEO were the core bureaucrats in Joseon dynasty.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 문과 중시 설행 배경
Ⅲ. 문과 중시 설행 양상
Ⅳ. 문과 중시 급제자의 성분
Ⅴ. 문과 중시 급제자의 정치적 지위
Ⅵ. 맺음말
〈Abstract〉
참고문헌 (34)
참고문헌 신청
함께 읽어보면 좋을 논문
논문 유사도에 따라 DBpia 가 추천하는 논문입니다. 함께 보면 좋을 연관 논문을 확인해보세요!
-
高麗時代의 譯官 硏究
한국사상과 문화
2009 .01
-
조선 후기 關聖敎의 敬信修行論
도교문화연구
2014 .05
-
An Investigation of Seung Sahn’s Seon : “Don’t Know” Mind, Ten Gates, and Systems of Hierarchy and Authorization
Korea Journal
2014 .12
-
고려전기 界首官의 운영체계와 기능
동방학지
2004 .01
-
일제하 조선인 고등관료의 형성과 정체성 : 고등문관시험 행정과 합격자를 중심으로
역사와현실
2007 .03
-
신라의 관음사상 : 삼국유사를 중심으로
불교학보
1976 .12
-
17~18세기 전반기 문과 급제자의 6품 관직 승진
한국사학보
2012 .05
-
권정생 아동문학의 흐름과 연구 방향
문학교육학
2008 .01
-
신위(申緯)의 관극절구십이수고(觀劇絶句十二首考)
동악어문학
1981 .10
-
弘文館의 成立經緯
한국사연구
1970 .03
-
[기획1 : 한국고대사회를 어떻게 볼 것인가] 신라 중위제의 추이와 지배신분층의 변화
역사와현실
2003 .12
-
기해사행(己亥使行)의 당상역관(堂上譯官) : 대마도 종가문서(宗家文書)에서 등장양상을 중심으로
한일관계사연구
2017 .08
-
최윤관목사를 기리며
신학연구
1989 .11
-
참인(Cham people)에서 참족(Cham minority)으로 : 참파 만달라(Champa mandala)의 와해와 관련하여
동양사학연구
2018 .06
-
은준관의 교육신학사상 이해 : 학문적 발전을 중심으로
신학논단
1999 .02
-
9세기 장흥지역 寺刹佛事의 성격
지방사와 지방문화
2005 .11
-
‘참(站)’의 의미에 대한 통시적 고찰
한국학(구 정신문화연구)
2014 .09
-
남옥(南玉)의 『일관기(日觀記)』 연구: 대상,보기,쓰기 문제를 축으로
韓國古典硏究
2006 .01
-
이종관 저 『사이버 문화와 예술의 유혹』 문예출판사, 2003
철학연구
2003 .09
-
STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF YI DYNASTY KOREA : by Ch`ŏn Kwan-wu, published by the Ilcho-gak, Seoul, 1979
Korea Journal
1979 .07
이 논문의 저자 정보
이 논문과 함께 이용한 논문
최근 본 자료
댓글(0)
0
UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2009-905-018931789