본 연구는 수목원·정원의 조성 및 진흥에 관한 법률(2015년)’에 따라 산림청에 등록된 민간정원(2021년 3월 기준)중 전국적으로 가장 높은 비중을 지닌 전라남도 민간정원14개소의 입지 특성 및 도입프로그램을 분석하였다.
민간정원의 지역 분포는 대부분 전남 중부권에 분포되었고, ‘힐링파크 쑥섬쑥섬’은해양정원으로 나타났다. 조성시기는 전체 12곳(85.8%)이 1980년대 이후 조성된 근대정원이었고, 쌍산재(19c)와 초암정원(1954)은 300~200년 이상의 고택정원으로 조성시기가 빠른 사례로 나타났다. 조성목적으로는 사적정원(50%)이 가장 높았고, 고택정원(14.3%). 미술관/박물관(14.3%), 농원(14.3%), 섬(7.1%)순으로 나타났다. 입지는 산지형(57.1%)이 가장 높게 나타났고, 내륙형(28.6%), 해양형(14.3%) 순으로 분류되었고, 수경관과의 관련성은 계곡(35.7%)과 바다(28.6%)의 비중이 높고, 저수지(14.3%), 무관한 곳(21.4%) 순으로 나타났다. 도심과의 거리는 1.3㎞ 이내 1곳(7.1%), 2~4㎞ 이내 4곳(28.6%), 4~10㎞ 이내 4곳(28.6%), 10㎞ 이상 5곳(35.7%)으로 외곽지 비중이 높았다. 주거지와의 거리는 마을주변(50.0%), 마을과 격리(35.7%), 마을내(14.3%) 순으로 마을주변이나 외곽지의 입지 비중이 높았다.
주요 정원시설물로는 휴계시설(35.9%)과 편익시설(35.1%)이 높은 비중을 보였고, 문화시설(17.9%), 수익시설(11.1%)순으로 나타났다. 도입프로그램은 체험프로그램(41.2%)이 가장 높은 빈도를 보였고, 교육프로그램(23.6%), 문화프로그램(17.6%), 치유프로그램(8.8%), 탐방프로그램(8.8%) 순으로 나타났다. 주제원으로는 전체 대상지에서 1개 이상 나타났고, 12개 대상지에서 3개 이상 주제정원을 지니고 있었다. 유형으로는 허브, 초화류 등 야생화정원(18.9%)이 가장 높았으며, 생태정원(13.2%), 수국원(13.2%), 대나무원(9.4%), 난대원(7.6%) 등 남부의 자생수종과 생태적 특성을 고려한주제원이 높은 비중을 보였다. 민간정원 내 축제로는 7곳(35.7%)에서 총 11회로 봄(튤립)과 여름(장미, 수국), 가을(국화, 목서) 등 계절을 대표하는 정원식물로 구성되었고계절별로는 가을(45.4%), 여름(27.3%), 봄(18.2%), 상시(9.1%) 순으로 이루어졌으며식물생육이 어려운 겨울철에는 나타나지 않았다.
This study analyzed the location characteristics and introduction programs of 14 private gardens in Jeollanam-do. The main results were as follows: First, the regional distribution of private gardens appeared in the central region of Jeollanam-do, and “Healing Park Sukseom Sukseom” appeared as a maritime garden away from land. Twelve sites (85.8%) of the total were modern gardens built after the 1980s, and Ssangsanjae (19c) and Choam Garden (1954) were found to have been built quickly.
Second, the purpose of the construction was the highest at private garden (50%), followed by old house garden (14.3%), art gallery/museum (14.3%), farmland (14.3%), and island (7.1%).
Third, the location characteristics of private gardens were the highest in mountain type (57.1%), followed by inland type (28.6%) and marine type (14.3%). As for the relationship with the hydroponic landscape, valley (35.7%) showed the highest proportion, followed by sea (28.6%), reservoir (14.3%), and unrelated cases (21.4%).
Fourth, the distances from the city center were located in the outskirts except for “Wellnut Healing Garden” (1.3km) (7.1%), and within 2~4km (28.6%), over 4km~10km (28.6%), and were located 10km away (35.7%).
The distance to the residential area was found to be around the village (50.0%), isolation (35.7%), and in the village (14.3%).
Fifth, the main facilities in the garden were holiday facility (35.9%), convenience facility (35.1%), cultural facility (17.9%), and profit facility (11.1%). In particular, holiday facility and convenience facility considering convenience as public areas and recreation spaces accounted for 71.0% of the total. Admission fee was received from 7 sites (50.0%), of which two (Jukhagyeong, Ssangsanjae) provided free drinks for admission fees paid by tourists.
Sixth, the introduction programs of private gardens were experience programs (41.2%) which was the highest, followed by education programs (23.6%), cultural programs (17.6%), healing programs (8.8%), and tour programs (8.8%).
Seventh, the theme garden appeared in one or more of the total sites, and had three or more theme gardens in twelve sites. In terms of content, wildflower gardens (18.9%) such as herbs and flowers showed the highest, while theme gardens considering the native species and ecological characteristics of the south, including ecological garden (13.2%), hydrangea (13.2%), bamboo garden (9.4%), and orchard (7.6%).
Eighth, the festival appeared eleven times in seven sites (35.7%). By season, autumn (45.4%) was the highest, followed by summer (27.3%) and spring (18.2%), and did not appear in winter when plant growth was difficult.