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학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
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연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
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This paper investigated the distribution of modal auxiliaries in a corpus of essay written by learners of English. In particular, tokens of Modal auxiliaries are extracted from TOEFL11 corpus, which is a corpus of TOEFL essays written by different proficiency levels and by test-takers who are from 11 different countries. The number of essays is 11,000 for each language (that is, 121,000 in total), but the number differs in terms of the level of proficiency. In order to compare the distribution of the modal auxiliaries, relative frequency, rather than raw frequency is used. The paper examined the relative distribution of modal auxiliaries from the perspectives of L1 languages of the test-takers, proficiency level, and the prompt that the test-takers are instructed to write on. The results indicates similarities and differences in the distribution of modal auxiliaries. Among various modal auxiliaries, can and will are the most frequently used, even though the most frequent one may vary according to languages. The choice of modals is also found to be influenced by the prompt that is given to the writers. The paper serves as a foundation for further details studies on modal auxiliaries used by learners of English.
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