Preliminary primer test for 33 Asian pears (Pyrus spp.) and one outgroup, Prunus persica cv. Hakuto, revealed eighteen primers among sixty Operon random primers. Operon 10-mer primer kit A was useful to analyze pear genome in that nine primers among preliminarily selected 18 primers were in A series. Among the selected primers, 14 primers contained 60% GC composition and produced distinct and reproducible bands at 36 annealing temperature. Most of the Asian pears could be identified with the combination of more than two randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and the nine taxa could be distinguished using single RAPD marker. Two more single markers were selected in Fauri pea pear (A01-1390(+) and C07-740(+)), Indian wild pear (A12-2370(+) and E09-1320(?)), and ‘Niitaka’ (A20-950(?), C07-520(+), and E06-1810(?)). Simple matching similarity was calculated and compared between each of the 33 Asian pears and the outgroup, Hakuto peach using 130 RAPD markers. The calculated simple matching similarity coefficient was converted to Neis genetic distance to construct Neighbor- Joining tree to complete the cladogram. The Asian pears were differentiated to four directions from the outgroup. First, three pea pears including Faury, Callery, and Japanese pea pear were divided as ancestor species of genus Pyrus. Asian pea pears including Callery pea pear were assumed to be the descendants of the primitive Pyrus stock. Sand pear and P. hondoensis were divided to the next branch from the root. However, the rest of pear including P. pyrifolia differentiated in the lower progress. The third group including Indian wild pear and Ussurian pea pear branched out. Finally, Ussuri pear and most of the native and cultivated pears were differentiated as a big group followed by P. aromatica, Chinese white pear, and P. phaeocarpa. P. pyrifolia, P. ussuriensis, and P. fauriei were confirmed to be three principal species in Korea.