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커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
‘부대 속의 감자’ 또는 ‘혁명의 코러스’ : 마르크스의 농민관 재고찰 “Sack of Potatoes” or “Chorus of Revolution”: Marx's View on the Peasant Reconsidered
‘부대 속의 감자’ 또는 ‘혁명의 코러스’ : 마르크스의 농민관 재고찰
초록·키워드
Peasants cannot play an important role in Marx' general theory of capitalist development. They are doomed to disappear as a transitional intermediate class with the growth of the two major classes, capitalists and proletarians. However, the continued existence of the peasant class and the weakness of the workers' movements in Europe in the 19th century raised new questions that had not been dealt with in his general theories in appropriate way. Can the peasants be revolutionary during the period of their “transitional” existence? Is an alliance of the working class with the peasants possible against other “counter-revolutionary” forces?
With regard to these serious issues in the development of theories and practices of socialism, Marx finds a strong revolutionary potential of the peasant class in his analysis of the revolutionary situations in the mid-19th century Germany and France. The peasants could contribute to the cause of the working class in allying with the latter, first, against the feudal landlords in making bourgeois revolutions, and then against the bourgeoisie in preparation for socialist revolutions. They could also be very instrumental in the proletariat's seizure of power and its maintenance.
Despite this recognition of the revolutionary potential of the peasant class, however, the teleological implications in Marx's theory of historical development imposed certain basic restrictions in his evaluation of the nature and role of the peasantry. The peasants were understood by Marx as being able to be revolutionary from the viewpoint of their imminent transformation into the proletariat and as being led by the progressive force of the working class in the revolutionary situations. In other words, even though Marx saw a high degree of revolutionary potential in the peasants, the latter were approached by him not on the basis of a social composition equipped with its own developmental dynamics but from the ultimate standpoint of his historical materialism.
With regard to these serious issues in the development of theories and practices of socialism, Marx finds a strong revolutionary potential of the peasant class in his analysis of the revolutionary situations in the mid-19th century Germany and France. The peasants could contribute to the cause of the working class in allying with the latter, first, against the feudal landlords in making bourgeois revolutions, and then against the bourgeoisie in preparation for socialist revolutions. They could also be very instrumental in the proletariat's seizure of power and its maintenance.
Despite this recognition of the revolutionary potential of the peasant class, however, the teleological implications in Marx's theory of historical development imposed certain basic restrictions in his evaluation of the nature and role of the peasantry. The peasants were understood by Marx as being able to be revolutionary from the viewpoint of their imminent transformation into the proletariat and as being led by the progressive force of the working class in the revolutionary situations. In other words, even though Marx saw a high degree of revolutionary potential in the peasants, the latter were approached by him not on the basis of a social composition equipped with its own developmental dynamics but from the ultimate standpoint of his historical materialism.
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