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초록·키워드
Nitrification process, being involved in plant N nutrition and N losses through leaching and denitrification of nitrate, plays a key-role in ecosystem functioning and particularly in N-limited ones like wet tropical savannas. Regulating nitrification is thus central to any plant strategy for improving NUE. Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI) is an active plant-mediated natural function, where nitrification inhibitors released from roots suppress soil-nitrifying activity, thereby forcing N into other pathways. We observed such processes in African savannas where grasses but also trees control nitrification. This is of great importance because: i) savannas and tropical grasslands represent 25% of terrestrial biomes and are second only to tropical forests for their contribution to terrestrial primary production; ii) more than half the surface of African continent is covered by savannas and savanna-forest associations; iii) African savannas are associated with the regions showing the strongest growth of human population, and are therefore particularly sensitive to changes in land use and climate; finally iv), most of savanna grasses are also of major economic interest, especially for grazing, and have been introduced in South America and Australia, where they have become invasive in some areas. 25-years studies in West African savannas showed that savannas exhibit two different types of N cycle, with high- and low-nitrification sites. Some dominant perennial grasses, such as some from Hyparrhenia or Andropogon genera, are mainly responsible for this duality. We showed that they express BNI differently between species, but also at subpopulation level, with widespread ecotypes being able to ... 전체 초록 보기
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