This study aims to integrate the formal characteristics of traditional Korean footwear into modern shoe design and explore methods for modernizing traditional footwear through 3D digital technology. Using literature and artifact analysis, it explores the forms, patterns, and colors of Joseon Dynasty footwear and scrutinizes their application in contemporary designs. Initially, the study analyzed 87 artifacts from the National Folk Museum of Korea, the National Museum of Korea, and the National Palace Museum of Korea, categorizing footwear into “Hwa” and “Hye” based on the height of the upper and patterns into “Tae-sa-mun,” “Dang-cho-mun,” and “Un-mun.” Colors were classified according to the Five Elements Theory, revealing a predominance of black and white. In the next phase, this study evaluated modern footwear designs incorporating traditional elements from four Korean brands. Although traditional patterns were utilized, their application was often limited, indicating a lack of use for these motifs in contemporary designs. The analysis also showed that color usage followed traditional theories, with black and white being the most prevalent. Finally, five modern Korean traditional shoe designs were created using the CLO 3D program based on the identified characteristics. The designs, themed “Footprints of the Heavenly Path,” included two high-heel styles, one platform style, and two wedge-heel styles, aiming to express the symbolism and beauty of traditional Korean footwear. The study highlights the importance of reinterpreting traditional footwear in modern designs to reflect national identity. It suggests that integrating traditional elements and utilizing 3D digital technology can enhance the preservation and innovation of shoe design. Future research should focus on developing diverse design samples and assessing their practical and innovative potential to advance the fashion footwear industry and 3D shoe design.