This paper examines the process and context of the two annual tribute reductions during Emperor Chongde’s reign. In previous studies, the annual tribute reduction has been perceived as a result of Joseon’s diplomatic efforts or Qing’s tolerant policy. However, this study attempts to reveal that the Qing emperor’s health problems were a decisive factor in the annual tribute reduction.
During Emperor Chongde’s reign, the annual tribute reduction unfolded in a similar fashion. First, Qing Emperor Hong taiji’s health deteriorated, followed by Joseon medical assistance to treat his illness. When the situation did not improve, Hong taiji issued an amnesty to the Qing nation to treat his illness, and shortly thereafter reduced the annual tribute to Joseon.
During Emperor Chongde’s reign, the annual tribute reduction took on a different dimension from the major diplomatic issues between Joseon and Qing. In the fifth year of Emperor Chongde’s, Joseon’s uncooperative attitude toward Qing demands for troops, and in the eighth year of Chongde’s, Joseon’s secret diplomacy with the Ming dynasty, led to a strained relationship between Joseon and Qing. However, apart from these developments, Emperor Hongtaiji’s deteriorating health emerged as a new agenda in Joseon-Qing relations, providing the basis for a thaw in relations between the two countries.
In conclusion, the case of annual tribute reduction during Emperor Chongde’s reign is closely linked to the Qing emperor’s health problems. Therefore, the traditional perception of annual tribute reduction as a result of Joseon diplomatic efforts or Qing tolerant policies is subject to revision. The Qing emperor’s health problems and personal agenda should be added to the list of factors driving changes in Joseon-Qing relations.