Objective: This study aims to assess the burden of heavy load handling tasks (specifically apple harvest boxes) among apple farmers through a survey, collect data, and evaluate the associated risks.
Background: The social characteristics of rural areas have led to various challenges in agriculture, including a decline in the agricultural population, feminization and aging of the agricultural workforce, and an increasing shortage of labor. These issues have contributed to a significant rise in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), particularly among those handling heavy loads such as apple harvesting boxes, which typically weigh around 20kg. The frequent handling of such heavy loads has been associated with a high incidence of lumbar disc herniation among apple farmers. Therefore, urgent measures are needed to prevent MSDs.
Method: A survey was conducted with 58 apple farmers (46 males and 12 females) to assess the risks associated with handling heavy loads. The survey responses were analyzed to assess the risks associated with handling heavy loads in apple farming using the "Lifting, holding, carrying" tool provided by ISSA (2010).
Results: Apple farmers generally perform tasks involving the handling of heavy loads that place excessive physical strain, which has been shown to increase the risk of MSDs. In particular, apple sorting workers are exposed to multiple factors such as repetitive tasks, improper posture, and excessive force, which significantly raise the musculoskeletal burden. To reduce the risks associated with heavy load handling, recommendations such as increasing the number of workers or utilizing assistive equipment have been suggested. Furthermore, the need for additional research on musculoskeletal disorder prevention in the agricultural sector has been identified.
Conclusion: To reduce the final risk score, it is essential to address and lower the scores associated with key factors such as time, weight, posture, and work environment. Implementing ergonomic improvements in these factors is an effective strategy for reducing the risks associated with heavy load handling tasks and minimizing the musculoskeletal burden.
Application: The findings of this study are intended to guide the development and management of agricultural health and safety programs. Specifically, they are expected to inform the design of interventions aimed at reducing the MSDs among apple farmers through targeted improvements in work practices and environments.