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논문 기본 정보

저자정보
(Korea Aerospace Industries) (Yonsei University)
저널정보
대한전자공학회 JOURNAL OF SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science Vol.26 No.5
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    초록·키워드

    Keyword spotting (KWS) is an essential technology for realizing always-on voice interfaces in edge devices, demanding extremely low-energy operation. Computing-in-Memory (CIM) architectures are promising for energy-efficient neural network processing by eliminating frequent external memory access. However, previous CIM-based KWS processors still suffer from low utilization in depthwise convolution (DWCONV) and significant energy consumption in analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). This paper presents an eDRAM-based CIM processor that achieves high integration density and ultra-low-energy end-to-end KWS operation through three key innovations. First, a frequency-selective stride convolution (FSSC) algorithm reduces the length of the raw audio input by 99.22%, thereby minimizing memory usage and computational complexity. Second, a multi-stationary CIM architecture maximizes hardware utilization in the DWCONV layer and reduces MAC energy by 95.26% by decreasing wordline driving activity. Third, a scalable-precision ADC optimizes capacitive digital-to-analog converter (CAP-DAC) switching energy according to the output range, achieving up to 75.71% lower conversion energy. As a result, the proposed processor achieves 95.1% accuracy on the 10-keyword Google Speech Commands dataset, with a macro-level energy efficiency of 34.8 TOPS/W and a system-level energy efficiency of 21.6 TOPS/W, consuming 0.62 µJ per decision.

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