Strategic Motivation of China’s Space Technology Rise: From Dependence to Independence under Xi Jinping

Q: What is Military-Civil Fusion (MCF) as defined in this paper?

It refers to China's national strategy of integrating military technology and civilian industry to simultaneously strengthen military capabilities and promote economic development. This serves as a core mechanism for enhancing the military application of space technology and improving national security, and is pursued as a national priority.

Q: How do U.S. restrictions and the expansion of private sector participation affect the development of Chinese space technology?

The research findings indicate that U.S. sanctions have instead served as a catalyst for accelerating China's technological self-reliance, while government policies encouraging private sector participation have fostered innovation in space technology. Through these developments, China is achieving rapid progress in space technology and challenging U.S. hegemony.

Jin-Yong Kim

doi:10.69473/iasr.2025.28.2.147

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Type: Academic journal

Author: Jin-Yong Kim (Kyungnam University)

Journal: Center for International Area Studies International Area Studies Review Vol.28 No.2

Published: 2025.6

Pages: 147 - 166 (20page)

DOI: 10.69473/iasr.2025.28.2.147

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Abstract· Keywords

This study investigates the rapid advancement of China’s space technology during the Xi Jinping era, emphasizing the factors that transformed China from a latecomer to a leading space power. Since Xi Jinping took office in 2013, China has pursued an ambitious commercialization strategy for space technology, aligning it with broader national objectives, such as the “great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” This study highlights China’s major achievements in lunar exploration, Martian missions, and space station construction, and its strategic intent to reshape the existing international order. Key factors behind China’s progress include the prioritization of space as the “commanding height of international strategic competition” and the promotion of private sector involvement in the space industry. Additionally, this study emphasizes China’s focus on technological self-reliance in response to United States restrictions. By analyzing these factors, this study illustrates how China has rapidly emerged as a global leader in space technology, reshaping the dynamics of international space competition.

#China’s space technology #U.S.-China Space Competition #Technological self-reliance #Space technology commercialization

Abstract
Introduction
China’s Space Technology Development under Xi Jinping
Strategic Factors in China’s Space Technology Development
Space Technology Development Led by Private Enterprises and Local Governments
Conclusion
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