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(Institute for Development and International Relations) (Institute for Development and International Relations)
Journal
Center for International Area Studies International Area Studies Review Vol.29 No.3
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    Abstract·Keywords

    As global strategic competition intensifies—driven by Russia’s aggression in Ukraine, China’s growing influence, weakening confidence in US commitment, and transnational threats—Europe faces pressure to enhance its security and defence capabilities. This paper critically examines the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), assessing its ability to support Europe’s ambition for strategic autonomy. Using a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative policy analysis and quantitative data analysis, the study evaluates the EU’s defence mechanisms, institutional frameworks, and alignment with global security realities. While the CSDP has fostered cooperation, its capacity to safeguard European security remains limited by political fragmentation, resource gaps, and insufficient military capabilities. Analysing key elements like PESCO, EDIRPA, the European Peace Facility, the Macro-financial Assistance Instrument, the European Defence Fund, and the Act in Support of Ammunition Production, the paper highlights both strengths and significant shortcomings in achieving a coherent and autonomous defence posture. It proposes a framework to understand EU security challenges and offers policy recommendations for institutional reform, enhanced coordination, and a clearer strategic vision. This study contributes to the discourse on Europe’s defence autonomy amid rising geopolitical competition.

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