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Abstract·Keywords
Foreign news coverage is the primary channel through which most overseas publics encounter a country, yet national image research has typically relied on single favorability or sentiment scores and on single-country, single-event designs. This study constructed a balanced panel of Korea-related coverage from eighteen leading news outlets in the United States, China, and Japan between July 2023 and June 2025, and compared 33,409 articles along three dimensions: coverage domain, image valence, and referent of evaluation. Classification used a large language model pipeline validated through dual human coding, cross-model checks, and design-weighted measurement error correction. First, cross-national differences in domain composition were large overall (V = .252), with similar cross-national differentiation across periods. Second, evaluation diverged within the same domain: only Chinese coverage over-represented security negativity, cultural positivity dominant in the U.S. and Japanese press was suppressed in China, and economic evaluation ran in opposite directions in Japan and China. Third, during the martial law crisis coverage in all three country panels shifted toward politics while evaluative trajectories remained country-specific, distinguishing shared issue attention from evaluative refraction. The study operationalizes the news-mediated national image as a compositional structure and offers a validated template for cross-national large language model classification.
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