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A series of riots spread in France from October 27 to November 17, 2005. This article, motivated by the civil unrest, aims to examine the issue of integrating Muslim immigrants into French society. First, sketching the course and protagonists of the events, the causes and results of the unrest, and the ensuing official measures, this article then discusses the integration policy of the French government.
It is generally said that approximately five to six million Muslims are residing in France. Different researches, however, show different numbers of the Muslims; a certain study claims that there are 3.7 million Muslims in the state. Those who led the riots were the second generation of Muslim immigrants. Although born and educated in France, they are nonetheless suffering from the identity crisis, for they think that they are discriminated by indigenous French people.
The fundamental cause of the recent unrest lies in discrimination. In addition to the socio-economic inequality as revealed in the high rate of their unemployment, the Muslim immigrants have suffered from the prevailing anti-Islam sentiment in French society as well. The ‘head scarf affair’ was a good example. The integration policy of the French republic played a similar role, based on the principle of ‘indivisible republic,’ which required all immigrants to be integrated into the republic. The policy has seemed to them an obvious injustice.
After the unrest ended, the government prepared the means to mitigate the level of unemployment and control the immigrants. The strict enforcement of family rejoining, the tighter prohibition of fabricated marriage, and the illegalization of polygamy are introduced. Nicolas Sarkozy, the leading figure who aggravated the unrest, offered his own remedy. He argued for a policy similar to that of the U. S. which is advantageous to the minority. This policy, which challenges the principle of ‘indivisible republic,’ would be one of the devices to solve the problems concerning the Muslim immigrants. It is good to expect the transformation of the ‘indivisible republic’ into a ‘divisible republic.’
It is generally said that approximately five to six million Muslims are residing in France. Different researches, however, show different numbers of the Muslims; a certain study claims that there are 3.7 million Muslims in the state. Those who led the riots were the second generation of Muslim immigrants. Although born and educated in France, they are nonetheless suffering from the identity crisis, for they think that they are discriminated by indigenous French people.
The fundamental cause of the recent unrest lies in discrimination. In addition to the socio-economic inequality as revealed in the high rate of their unemployment, the Muslim immigrants have suffered from the prevailing anti-Islam sentiment in French society as well. The ‘head scarf affair’ was a good example. The integration policy of the French republic played a similar role, based on the principle of ‘indivisible republic,’ which required all immigrants to be integrated into the republic. The policy has seemed to them an obvious injustice.
After the unrest ended, the government prepared the means to mitigate the level of unemployment and control the immigrants. The strict enforcement of family rejoining, the tighter prohibition of fabricated marriage, and the illegalization of polygamy are introduced. Nicolas Sarkozy, the leading figure who aggravated the unrest, offered his own remedy. He argued for a policy similar to that of the U. S. which is advantageous to the minority. This policy, which challenges the principle of ‘indivisible republic,’ would be one of the devices to solve the problems concerning the Muslim immigrants. It is good to expect the transformation of the ‘indivisible republic’ into a ‘divisible republic.’
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 소요의 발생과 그 ‘주인공들’
Ⅲ. 소요의 원인과 무슬림 이민자 통합문제
Ⅳ. 소요의 결과 및 대책
Ⅴ. 맺음말 - ‘2005년 말’의 프랑스
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