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The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal body composition and for the best physical fitness, and to examine fitness levels of the obese by investigating relationships between physical fitness, body composition of the youth. Middle and high school girls students(n=613) with age ranging from 12 to 17 years participated in the study as subjects. Anthropometry(12 items), physical fitness(8 test items), and impedance of subjects were measured and analyzed age. Results of the study can be summarized as the following :
1. Characteristics of the physique by age
The amount of growth in all measured items was substantial from 12 to 13 years of age, and after the age of 13 years, there was only a slight increase in growth. The growth of muscles and physique was shown to stop at the age of 15 years, indicating that the growth rate of girls was about a year faster than that of boys. Skinfolds were shown to increase rapidly during ages of 12 to 13 years, and after the age of 13 years, they increased slowly.
The average %body fat was 25.49%, which is slightly above the normal. The %body fat was the lowest in 12 years old, 24.28%, and the highest in 15 years old, 26.73%. Other age groups were not different in %body fat.
2. Trends in the development of physical fitness by age
Muscular strength increased with age from 12 to 16 years, and decreased at the age of 17 years. Muscular endurance and agility were the greatest at age 12, and from the age of 13 years, they declined with age. Body endurance decreased with age. Power was shown to increase with age from 12 to 16 years, and at age 17 it was declined slightly.
3. Relationships between physical fitness and body composition
Correlations between physical fitness and body composition : the %body fat had positive effects on grip strength, and the amount of fat and fat-free body mass had positive effects on muscular strength and flexibility. However, the %body fat, the amount of body fat, and fat-free body mass had negative effects on muscular endurance, agility, and body endurance.
Physical fitness levels and %body fat : The range of %body fat for the best scores in muscular endurance, agility, power, and body endurance was less than 22%. The %body fat, however, did not show systematic relationships with muscular strength, flexibility, and balance ability.
The %body fats of subjects who scored high in all test items were 23.80%, and 22.93% for middle school girls, and high school girls respectively.
1. Characteristics of the physique by age
The amount of growth in all measured items was substantial from 12 to 13 years of age, and after the age of 13 years, there was only a slight increase in growth. The growth of muscles and physique was shown to stop at the age of 15 years, indicating that the growth rate of girls was about a year faster than that of boys. Skinfolds were shown to increase rapidly during ages of 12 to 13 years, and after the age of 13 years, they increased slowly.
The average %body fat was 25.49%, which is slightly above the normal. The %body fat was the lowest in 12 years old, 24.28%, and the highest in 15 years old, 26.73%. Other age groups were not different in %body fat.
2. Trends in the development of physical fitness by age
Muscular strength increased with age from 12 to 16 years, and decreased at the age of 17 years. Muscular endurance and agility were the greatest at age 12, and from the age of 13 years, they declined with age. Body endurance decreased with age. Power was shown to increase with age from 12 to 16 years, and at age 17 it was declined slightly.
3. Relationships between physical fitness and body composition
Correlations between physical fitness and body composition : the %body fat had positive effects on grip strength, and the amount of fat and fat-free body mass had positive effects on muscular strength and flexibility. However, the %body fat, the amount of body fat, and fat-free body mass had negative effects on muscular endurance, agility, and body endurance.
Physical fitness levels and %body fat : The range of %body fat for the best scores in muscular endurance, agility, power, and body endurance was less than 22%. The %body fat, however, did not show systematic relationships with muscular strength, flexibility, and balance ability.
The %body fats of subjects who scored high in all test items were 23.80%, and 22.93% for middle school girls, and high school girls respectively.
목차
Abstract
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 연구방법
Ⅲ. 결과
Ⅳ. 논의
Ⅴ. 결론
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