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숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 Asian Women Asian Women Vol.22 No.2
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    초록·키워드

    Some communities in Anioma - the Igbo area west of the River Niger - have a firmly established female chieftaincy institution dating roughly to the end of the fifteenth century. Until 1990 female chiefs in Anioma called Omu were very old women knowledgeable in the traditions of their people, and charged with certain ritual and secular duties. This paper has a double agenda. It investigates the historical origin of the Omu institution in Anioma, which so far has not received any academic attention, and also discusses the unequal power relations of Anioma male and female chiefs. It argues that chieftaincy status for women necessitated the appropriation of masculine personality with the conferment of nearly all the rights and privileges enjoyed by biological males. But, these did not negate gender inequality in Anioma’s political structure and in the overall relations of members of the two gender categories in that section of Nigeria. The present study enhances scholarly knowledge of female chieftaincy institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa by focusing on aspects of its manifestation in Anioma, Nigeria. In some respects the paper also provides a re-assessment of popular views on the Omu.

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