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초록·키워드
The aim of this article is to interpret some aspects of Haenyeos (Jamnyeo or Jamsu)1 and their life and culture as a whole from the islanders’ perspective. Politically, they organized voluntary associations, called Jamsuhoi, that decided local village issues through democratic voting and decision-making. Through their power, they were able to maintain a four-month long uprising (January-April, 1932) against Japanese Imperialism’s illegal management of marine products of their sea villages. Economically, they were able to support their households to educate their family members through income gained by selling products to markets. Since 1895, the Haenyeos regularly went abroad seasonally, to earn money at sea in such regions as China, Japan and the Korean peninsula. Culturally they also created and developed their own folklore, traditional rituals, and festivals that commemorate their hard work and wandering, Gypsy-like lifestyle in the deep sea, differing slightly in mode from Korean p’ansori music. The Haenyeos also have a gender component that contributed to developing the potentials of the Jeju Island family value system as an integrated family model by the combination of big and nexus family systems in their homes. This paper argues the Jeju Haenyeos serve as an example of equitable gender roles in small island societies, different from or beyond the scope of traditional Korean Confucian stereotypes, and which have contributed to their village and island politically, economically, and culturally as a whole.
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