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초록· 키워드
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The establishment and the management of S?won(書院: Private Academies and Shrines) were mainly under the control of the local Confucianists. Because of the frequent establishment and lots of succeeding problems, the first government policies regulating S?won were made in the middle of the 17th century in the reign of King Hyojong(孝宗).
Intensified factional strife made the building of S?won and royally charted S?won reach its peak. Towards the end of King Sookjong(肅宗) the government instituted finn measures that illegal S?won should be demolished after being screened. During the 17th year of King Yongjo(英祖)'s reign the government removed all illegal S?won built after the 40th year of King Sookjong. At that time 178(or 300) S?won were tom down.
King Yongjo's measure was enforced thereafter. Unreported S?won were demolished, the leading Yangban were exiled, and the local public officials who could not efficiently administer S?won were punished.
However when the policies were relaxed under King Jeongjo, the establishment of S?won was resumed. Government thought that factional split was moderated as the result of policy of impartiality, they believed they didn't need to worry about the S?won if they firmly regulated royally charted.
It was the local public officials who decided on the establishment of S?won, Yangban and Yurim(儒林) regarded the policies as a sign of relaxation. Many of S?won which had been demolished were rebuilt. And after establishing small sized shrines, Yangban tried to raise their status to S?won. When these were unavailable, Yangban burnt incenses at the already- established S?won at their own will without getting any permit from the local public officials.
In the 19th century, unauthorized construction of S?won were in excessive expansion, S?won policies of the government were totally failed. The survey I conducted showed that the number of S?won was approximately 1,700, which was far beyond the number of 1000 suggested in previous studies.
The establishment of S?won was not related with factional strife but with maintaining Yangban's social status. Lineage S?won wishing to honor ancestors were widely established.
Intensified factional strife made the building of S?won and royally charted S?won reach its peak. Towards the end of King Sookjong(肅宗) the government instituted finn measures that illegal S?won should be demolished after being screened. During the 17th year of King Yongjo(英祖)'s reign the government removed all illegal S?won built after the 40th year of King Sookjong. At that time 178(or 300) S?won were tom down.
King Yongjo's measure was enforced thereafter. Unreported S?won were demolished, the leading Yangban were exiled, and the local public officials who could not efficiently administer S?won were punished.
However when the policies were relaxed under King Jeongjo, the establishment of S?won was resumed. Government thought that factional split was moderated as the result of policy of impartiality, they believed they didn't need to worry about the S?won if they firmly regulated royally charted.
It was the local public officials who decided on the establishment of S?won, Yangban and Yurim(儒林) regarded the policies as a sign of relaxation. Many of S?won which had been demolished were rebuilt. And after establishing small sized shrines, Yangban tried to raise their status to S?won. When these were unavailable, Yangban burnt incenses at the already- established S?won at their own will without getting any permit from the local public officials.
In the 19th century, unauthorized construction of S?won were in excessive expansion, S?won policies of the government were totally failed. The survey I conducted showed that the number of S?won was approximately 1,700, which was far beyond the number of 1000 suggested in previous studies.
The establishment of S?won was not related with factional strife but with maintaining Yangban's social status. Lineage S?won wishing to honor ancestors were widely established.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 영조 17년이전의 서원 정책
Ⅲ. 영조 17년이후의 서원 정책
Ⅳ. 서원의 통계와 설립 실태
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈Abstract〉
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