A Study on the Dietary Quality Assessment among the Elderly in Jeonju Area

Q: What is diet quality as defined in this paper?

It refers to a method of comprehensively evaluating the overall dietary intake of an individual with the objective of improving the nutritional status and health of the elderly.

Q: Which indicators are more useful for evaluating diet quality according to the gender of the elderly?

The research findings indicate that the Korean Diet Diversity Score (KDDS) is useful for elderly men, while the Meal Balance Score (MBS), which evaluates the balance of individual meals, proved to be a more suitable indicator for evaluating the diet quality of elderly women.

Kim In-Sook; Yu Hyeon-Hee; Seo Eun-Suk; Seo Eun-A; Lee Hyoung-Ja

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Type: Academic journal

Author: Kim In-Sook Yu Hyeon-Hee Seo Eun-Suk Seo Eun-A Lee Hyoung-Ja

Journal: The Korean Nutrition Society The Korean Journal of Nutrition Vol.35 No.3

Published: 2002.4

Pages: 352 - 367 (16page)

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In order to assess the quality of dietary intake among the elderly, a survey was conducted during July-August, 1999, of 230 subjects who were 65 years or older and who were living in Jeonju City. Results of the analysis of the data are as follows: Regarding Dietary Variety Score (DVS), the average number of food items consumed per person was significantly higher for males (19.6) than for females (17.7). The intake of plant food was higher than animal food for both sexes the proportion of plant versus animal foods consumed by fresh weight was 85 : 15 for males and 89 : 11 for females. Diet Diversity Score (DDS) is determined by how many from five food groups (cereal, meat, dairy, vegetable and fruit) consumed per day while Korean Diet Diversity Score (KDDS) is determined by how many from five different food groups (cereal, meat, vegetable, dairy and oil) consumed per day. The subjects' average DDS and KDDS were 4.0 and 3.5 for males, and 3.7 and 3.2 for females, respectively. Overall, the distribution of DDS was lower than that of KDDS. The average Meal Balance Score (MBS: Apply the KDDS at breakfast, lunch and dinner) was 9.1 for males and 8.1 for females. Average daily caloric intake for males and females was 1,740 kcal and 1,433 kcal, which was 84.0% and 80.9% of the RDA, respectively. Average daily protein intake for males and females, at 67 g and 49 g (100.7% and 88.3% of the RDA), respectively, was satisfactory. However, intakes of calcium and vitamin A were below 75% of the RDA (calcium: 62.7% for males and 55.3% for females; vitamin A: 60.7% for males and 53.9% for females). The average proportional contribution of protein/fat/carbohydrate (PFC) to total calorie intake was 15.8 : 15.7 : 68.5 for males and 13.8 : 13.2 : 73.0 for females. Distribution of energy for each meal (breakfast : lunch : afternoon snack : dinner : night snack) was 29.2 : 32.4 : 5.0 : 31.2 : 2.2 among males and 30.5 : 33.5 : 4.5 : 28.6 : 2.91 among females. The Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) was above 1 for protein, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B₁, niacin, and vitamin C. However, the INQ of calcium and vitamin A were below 1 among both males and females, and the INQ of vitamin B₂ was below 1 among females. The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR = nutrient intake/%RDA) was below 1 for all nutrients, and the NAR of vitamin A were the lowest among 9 nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, niacin, vitamin C) for both males and females, with values of 0.52 and 0.42, respectively. The second and third lowest NAR values were for calcium (males: 0.68; females: 0.54) and vitamin B₂ (males: 0.77; females: 0.67). Values of Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR = sum of 9 NARs/9) for males (0.82) were higher than for females (0.73). These results indicate that the intakes of calcium and vitamin A were severely inadequate. The results of a stepwise multiple regression analysis, where the DVS or MAR were the dependent variables and the DDS, KDDS, and MBS were independent variables, indicated that DDS is a more useful variable than KDDS in determining the quality of meals of the elderly. (Korean J Nutrition 35(3): 352~367, 2002)

#dietary quality #DDS #KDDS #MBS #MAR #elderly

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