The main purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of temperament in the relationship parenting behavior and social competence of children. The subjects of this study were 582 6th graders(boy, 257; girl, 233) who reside in Busan and completed Parenting scale, Social competency scale for children and Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey: DOTS-R. Collected data were analyzed using independent two-samples t-test and Two-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: First, social competency of children significantly differ according to affectionate parenting of both mother and father. Second, all the temperament variables used in this study did not moderate the relationship between parenting behavior and social competency of children. Possible explanation for these results were suggested and tentative conclusion based upon the results of this study was made.