콜롬비아의 국내실향민은 식민시기를 거쳐 19 내란과 20세기 양당간의 갈등으로 발생한 정치폭력사태 그리고 불법무장조직의 위협으로부터 지속적으로 증가했다. 그러나 우리베(Alvaro Uribe : 2002~2010)정권 등장 이후 국내실향민 규모는 폭발적으로 팽창했다. 특히 아프로-아메리카공동체는 이전과 달리 국내주요 실향민 배출지역이 되었다. 우리베 정권은 미국의 대 마약-테러지원책인 ‘플랜 콜롬비아’를 기초로 국가안보정책을 추진했다. 그 결과 국가안보 개념이 인간안보개념과 충돌하여 개인의 인권은 국가안보의 목적아래 조직적으로 침해되었으며 민주주의는 유보상태에 놓여 있다. ‘플랜 콜롬비아’ 운영 이후 콜롬비아의 국내실향민 규모는 확대되었을 뿐만 아니라 증가원인도 이전과는 다른 양상을 나타내고 있다. 마약퇴치 및 불법무장조직에 대한 콜롬비아 정부의 강경책은 국내실향민증가의 주요원인으로 작용했다. ‘플랜 콜롬비아’운영 이후 이전과 달리 폭력은 전국적으로 확산되었고, 불법작물 혹은 무장조직과 관련 없는 지역민의 희생이 동반되었다. 불법무장 조직들은 정치 혹은 군사적 전략지에 대한 영토 통제를 위해 무력을 활용하였고 민병대와 국가는 공권력의 이름으로 농민의 토지를 강탈했다. 이러한 과정에서 실향민은 양산되었다. 무력분쟁으로 인한 인권유린은 국내실향의 직접적인 원인으로 작용했지만, 그 이면에는 경제적 이해와 맞물려 있었다. 우리베 정권의 국가안보정책은 경제적 전략지인 태평양와 대서양지역을 새로운 분쟁지역으로 변모시켰고, 이것은 아프로-아메리카 공동체 해체와 국내실향민 증가라는 결과를 초래했다.
As violent rebellions, not wars, make up 90 percent of international conflicts after the Cold War, the significance of national security developed into protecting the lives of innocent citizens. As a result, the novel concept of human security merged. The idea of security evolved from essential values and menaced territory of traditional military security to the issues that may deteriorate the quality of lives of citizens and become threatening factors to national security. In the case of Colombia, however, Plan Colombia, carried forward by the enormous support of the USA followed by the Cold War, tightened up militarization. Moreover, with the rise of the Uribe administration, civil rights were systematically violated for the purpose of national security. The Uribe administration (2002-2010) prosecuted its national security based on Plan Colombia, US-funded Colombian government program aimed at restricting drugs and terrorism. Subsequently, the notion of national security contradicted the concept of human security the government responsible of national security became its own danger. Along with the expansion of domestic armed conflict, the hardline policy of Colombian government for Anti-Drug and paramilitary groups turned out to be a principal reason for the increased number of the Colombian IDPs. In the year of 2002, El Choco state located in the Pacific Coast, in which the Afro-American are densely populated, became the most IDP-concentrated state. As a way of accumulating of capital and consolidating power by a particular group, which is far off from the twentieth century’s national development model, violence was engaged. In the meantime, the number of the Colombian IDPs continuously grew. After Plan Colombia was employed, however, not only did the scale of the IDPs in Colombia amplify, but also the phenomenon seemed to be triggered by different factors than those fromthe earlier period. The Pacific area, which had no part in armed conflict prior to Plan Colombia, now turned into the center of the armed conflict as it converted into the foothold of paramilitary groups after the Amazon region was forcefully closed down by the government. Therefore, in this study, the grounds for the Colombian IDPs will be examined by comparing between the former and the latter phases of Plan Colombia. In addition, the cause for the rapidly increasing number of the IDPs in Colombia after the arrival of the Uribe administration, particularly revolving around the Afro-American, will be thoroughly analyzed. In consequence of Plan Colombia, new, systematic form of violence that differentiates from the earlier period occurred. The violence expended to the entire nation as innocent citizens irrelevant to the paramilitary groups were sacrificed. The significant upsurge of the Colombian IDPs after the year of 2002 explained the claim that the violence in the twenty first century would target innocent civilians. The paramilitary groups exercised strict control with violence over territories for political or military reasons while the militants by the government, abusing the governmental authority, reinforced the ownership of the territories of civilians to expand the occupied zone. In the course of battle, the IDPs gradually enlarged. Although the violation of human rights caused by the armed conflict affected the IDPs directly, there existed economical interests behind the matter. The Uribe administration’s national security policy, forthe occupation of territory through military strategy, not only spread the IDPs in Colombia but also transformed the Pacific region, a repository of resources and energy, into a new disputed area.