This study attempted to examine the differences in the aerobic and anaerobic ability of elite short-track speed male skaters according to ACTN-3 gene. 20 elite short track male skaters registered in the Korea Amateur Skating Union on the level with national short track skaters or national athlete based on the national competition held in April, 2011 were selected for this study. Through the 1st gene test, 8 participants with ACTN-3 gene XX type,9 with RX type and 3 with RP type were divided and through the 2nd treadmill test, the aerobic ability of VO<sub>2</sub> MAX, HRMAX, AT and the anaerobic ability of Total work, Peak power, mean power, Fatigue indax were measured. The results are as followings. significant differences in the ability were observed between XX type and RR type and between RX type and RR type in VO<sub>2</sub> max after conducting posteriori tests among gene types (p<.01). Significant differences in HRmax were observed in XX type (p<.01). With regard to AT, there were significant differences between RX type and XX type (p<.05). Significant differences in Peak Power(W) were observed in RP type after conducting posteriori tests among gene types. Moreover, in fatigue index, there were statistically significant differences in RP type (p<.01). Based on the results of this study, short track speed skaters showed high RX type and XX type distribution and tow RP type distribution revealed in a-actinin-3. It can be judged that RP type among ACTN-3 gene types is suitable for muscle strength/power exercise and XX type for aerobic endurance exercise. However, high RX type was observed in AT. It is estimated that RX type has increased through a long-term exercise since it is an intermediate form between XX type and RP type.