This study examines the mediating effect of perceived performance-based organizational culture on the relationship between leadership behaviors and organizational member development, through a comparison of the U.S. federal government and Korean central government organizations. The survey results reveal that performance-based culture mediated the relationship between leadership behaviors and organizational member development in U.S. federal agencies, but not Korean central agencies. Moreover, this comparative study discovered both universal and unique relationships among leadership behaviors. performance-based culture,. and organizational member development in the U.S. and Korea. These findings will contribute to the study of organizational culture.