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초록·키워드
Benjamin Franklin’s life and his Autobiography are generally regarded as the culmination of the Enlightenment, which celebrated the faculty of human reason and rejected the traditional institution of religion. Upon further examination of his life and narrative of Autobiography, however, we can see that his life was successful because he recognized early on the frailty of reason and its necessity for dependence on religion. More specifically, reason was too weak to grow properly without the guidance of wisdom that most religious sect provided; and it was too easily subordinated to bad inclinations and habits not to degenerate into folly. Franklin therefore launched his lifelong negotiations with reason and religion.
In his youth, Franklin wanted his civil society ? the place of human happiness achieved through rational conversations with his fellow citizens ? to be constituted strictly on the basis of the faculty of reason, which was equally shared by humans. He paid extreme attention so that heterogeneous religious principles would not disrupt this homogeneous social basis. However, the American Revolution and the subsequent, severe conflicts among disparate interest groups soon revealed the limits of reason : the upheavals of irrational violence and threats of the disintegration of civil society seemed to transcend all rational negotiation and compromise. Franklin therefore formulated a more immediate form of cooperation between reason and religion, thereby humbly admitting the limitations of reason and at times adhering to divine providence as a new ground for social integration.
Franklin’s Autobiography thus traces how flexibly he negotiated with the human faculty of reason and the tradition of religion. His flexible appropriation of the two competitive authorities of reason and religion on the transitional period to the Enlightenment eventually led his to usher in the greatest achievement of civil negotiations, the miraculous integration of divided states into one nation ? i.e., the United States Constitution.
In his youth, Franklin wanted his civil society ? the place of human happiness achieved through rational conversations with his fellow citizens ? to be constituted strictly on the basis of the faculty of reason, which was equally shared by humans. He paid extreme attention so that heterogeneous religious principles would not disrupt this homogeneous social basis. However, the American Revolution and the subsequent, severe conflicts among disparate interest groups soon revealed the limits of reason : the upheavals of irrational violence and threats of the disintegration of civil society seemed to transcend all rational negotiation and compromise. Franklin therefore formulated a more immediate form of cooperation between reason and religion, thereby humbly admitting the limitations of reason and at times adhering to divine providence as a new ground for social integration.
Franklin’s Autobiography thus traces how flexibly he negotiated with the human faculty of reason and the tradition of religion. His flexible appropriation of the two competitive authorities of reason and religion on the transitional period to the Enlightenment eventually led his to usher in the greatest achievement of civil negotiations, the miraculous integration of divided states into one nation ? i.e., the United States Constitution.
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