Their Spiritual leadership are found mainly by their pastoral works as follows: their preaching, teaching, writing, disciplinary work and personal conducts of life. In particular, the preaching of the times exercised a powerful influence on both the mortality and spirituality of Scottish.

1. Preaching Ministry
Through preaching God’s people were led to vow that they would remain loyal to Christ who alone was the Head of the church and Lord of conscience, and made them to turn their backs on the curates and made their way to the conventicles. Their preaching has two special characters in its contents. One is evangelistic doctrinal sermon including biblical content, another is practical applicatory sermon. It is no exaggeration to say that the sermon was their chief source of information and instruction on all matters of local, national, moral and spiritual concern. The evangelical conception of the gospel, salvation by the grace alone through faith alone, was the prevalent acknowledged way of life in their sermons. It is characterized inevitably as real practical applicatory in its contents. The doctrinal themes they delivered were not merely a system of theology, but a set of living realities to be put into daily practical experience. In many places, their life style was really changed as to godly conversation and became real converts.

2. Teachings in Writings and Letters
Most their sermons and lectures were published not from authors but from the outlines or skeletons of discourses furnished by hearers, mostly illiterate and not experts in the art of reporter. Letters of the Covenanting leaders in general were used to correct and reprove the faults of the people made. By their lectures, writings and letters the people were educated, trained uprightly and fitted well to the works of the Lord in the knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ. The Covenanters considered no truth in Scripture unworthy of defence with their ministry of preaching, teaching, writing and letters, and with their lives. Such activities led them to²triumph over the hottest persecution of the times.

3. Use of the Catechism and the Confession of Faith
The value of the Westminster Catechisms lay in their uniformity in matters of doctrine and Church government. The Catechisms, along with the Westminster Confession, shaped the Presbyterian Church as Calvinistic in its doctrine and form. For the suffering Covenanters such manuals were the most significant expressions of their religious belief.