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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국기독교학회 한국기독교신학논총 한국기독교신학논총 제23집
발행연도
2002.1
수록면
215 - 243 (29page)

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The aim of this thesis is to critically examine Dr. Schweitzer` s seminal concept of `reverence for life` to help environmental or medical ethicists apply it in their fields. The main sources to study are his Philosophy of Civilization(Kultur und Ethik) and Out of my Life and Thought(Aus meinem Leben und Denken), which are believed to include his own most detailed and systematic expositions of the concept. The study begins by investigating the three steps in which Dr. Schweitzer gradually develops his idea of `reverence for life.` In the first step he diagnoses why the present European civilization has been decayed. Secondly he discusses pessimism as a most important cause for the decay of European civilization. Thirdly and lastly, he explores and presents his concept of `reverence for life` as a way to restore the decaying European civilization. The study then proceeds to explain the four dimensions of meaning that the idea of `reverence for life` has. The first is an intuitive dimension including an immediate consciousness of life itself, from which reverence for life arises. "The most immediate fact of man` s consciousness is the assertion: I am life which wills to live, in the midst of life which will to live.`" The second dimension of the meaning of the idea is a mystical one, which has an ethical tone. Depreciating the mysticism of identity between the World-Spirit and the spirit of man, Schweitzer emphasizes the ethical mysticism, saying that "we can and must know in the sphere of this mystery, namely, that all being is life, and that in loving self-devotion to other life we realize our spiritual union with infinite Being." The third is a universalistic dimension in which Schweitzer finds all lives related to and one with one another. "Ethics consists in responsibility towards all that lives-responsibility which has become so wide as to be limitless." The fourth and last dimension is a religious one, which does not include particularly a Christian, but an "elemental piety"(elementare Froemigkeit), which comes from "an elemental thinking." "The concept of reverence for life has, therefore, a religious character. The man who avows his belief in it, and acts upon the belief, shows a piety which is elemental." The concluding part presents a critical assessment of Schweitzer s idea of reverence for life. Both Emil Brunner and Karl Barth severely criticize Schweitzer`s position indicating that one cannot respect nature on account of the value of life itself, but because he or she is commanded by God to do so. Barth says: "Those who handle life as a divine loan will above all treat it with respect. Respect is man`s astonishment, humility and awe at a fact in which he meets something superior-majesty, dignity, holiness, a mystery which compels him to withdraw and keep his distance, to handle it modestly, circumspectly and carefully." It is remarkable that like Oriental religions, Schweitzer`s idea of life or nature tends to absolutize life or nature and to hold an optimistic and mystical world-view in which there is no distinctive distance between God and nature or life. Having no superior criterion, however, this kind of mysticism can be easily distorted to be unrealistic, sentimentalist and submissive to evil. But it is still somewhat useful for ones who have no outstanding ethic toward life or nature, while it surely needs a guidance and direction from theological ethicists.

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