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초록· 키워드
A common understanding about circumcision is that it is a sign of promise between Israel and God. But it`s meaning has been applied in different ways both inclusively and exclusively. If we study it without contextualization, it is almost impossible to arrive at a whole balanced understanding. This article presents the situational meanings according to the times. This article seeks to show the changing nature of it`s meanings. To do this I have introduced remarkable text from the respective times that support the view that the meaning of circumcision has changed according to time changing(context). Circumcision that began with a sociological meaning has changed according to OT times. From the beginning, the original meaning was that of a sociological sign of membership in the same national identity of different tribes. But as time progressed, meanings also changed according to changes in the social context. The first mention about circumcision is found in Genesis chapter 17, which was written during the post exilic time. The Israelites after exile were so confused that they needed a consensus to develop national identity. To do this, they introduced the story of the circumcision of Abraham`s family. Therefore the circumcision in the Genesis 17 is written to emphasize that Israel is the nation of a personal covenant with God. If we consider the time of these records, we can ascertain that the historical book are prior to the Pentateuch. It was written during Exile. In the severe time of afflictions during the exile prophets proclaimed to Israel that because of circumcision, Israel could overcome such hard times. Even though the Israel was comprised of different tribes, they regarded themselves as a nation because of circumcision. So circumcision bound them together as a nation. However during the time of prophecy, to emphasize their identity strongly, they had maintain exclusive attitudes toward other nations. Even upon strong nations like Egypt, Assyria, and Babylonia, Israel had to take an unfriendly attitude towards them. Throughout this article, a discussion about the much more nuanced meanings of circumcision contingent on the times will be presented and the correlative attitudes of prophets toward the world.
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