본 연구는 고전기 중·남미의 3대 문화권이라 할 수 있는 마야제국, 아즈테카제국, 잉카제국에서 전래된 이야기신화들 중에서 천지창조와 건국에 관련된 신화들를 주 대상으로 설정하여, 이들 신화에 나타난 중·남미인들의 原型的 문화의식체계를 추출해 보고자 시도되었다. 2장에서는 마야의 대표적인 신화·역사서인「포폴부」를 분석하여 天神 우라칸과 창조신들이 태초에 우주를 창조하고 인간을 만든 경위와 이유, 그리고 그 의미 등을 살펴보았다. 그리고 스스로를 ``태양의 민족``이라고 여겼던 아즈테카인들의 창세신화를 분석하여 그들의 우주관과 세계관의 양태를 추출하여, 그 특성을 정리했다. 또한 同章에서는 最高의 神 비라코차에 의해서 창조된 우주, 잉카인들 등이 지니고 있는 신성성과 의미 등을 알아보고, 잉카인들의 二元論的 우주관과 그 근원을 모색해 보았다. 3장에서는 마야-키체의 始祖이며 建國祖인 네 명의 옥수수인간들이 종족을 인도하여 나라를 세울 때까지의 과정과, 신화를 통해서 부여된 그들의 神格과 의미 등을 고찰해 보았다. 또한 감보아(Sarmiento de Gamboa)와 베가(Inca Garcilaso de la Vega)의 原典에 나타난 잉카의 건국신화를 분석하여, 잉카 왕들의 神的 권위와 쿠스코 계곡의 점령 및 정착에 대한 정당성의 動因을 찾아 보았다. 4장에서는 2장과 3장에서 분석된 중·남미의 창세신화와 건국신화의 특성들을 토대로, 중·남미인들의 원형적 사유체계, 즉 의식 또는 잠재의식 속에 내재되어 있는 본질적인 문화의식들을 추출, 요약했다.
In this thesis, I tried to extract the system of Central and Latin American people`s cultural consciousness expressed in the myths about the Creation of the world and the building of nation among the traditional story-myths in Mayan, Aztecan and Incan Empires, which were the three Great Cultural Zones in the Classical era of Latin America. In the second chapter, I analyzed Popol Vuh, which is one of the most important myth and history books in Mayan Civilization and studied the reason why the Highest Mayan God and the Gods of Creation created the Universe and Human beings, and the process and the meaning of that creation. And I extracted the characteristics of the Aztecan people`s view point of the universe and the world through analyzing the State origin myths of Aztecan people who considered themselves ``the People of the Sun``. Also I tried to find out the divinity and the meaning of the Universe created by Viracocha, who was the Supreme God of Incan people and searched the origin of their dualistic viewpoint of the universe in this chapter. In the third chapter I studied the process of creating the nation by the four Corn-human beings, who were the founders of Maya-quiche and the Nation, and the meaning of the Mayan divinity given by the myths. And I searched the divine authority of Incan kings and the motive of justification of occupying Cuzco Velley and the settling there by analyzing the State origin myths in `sarmiento de Gambo`` and ``Inca Garcilaso de la Vega``. In the fourth chapter, I tried to summarize the archetypical thinking system of Central and Latin American people, in other words, the essential cultural consciousness immanent in their consciousness or subconsciousness on the basis of the characteristics of their cosmic origin myths and State oringin myths. The conclusions are followed. First, the creation of the universe was led by the Heaven God and the shape of the universe or the world is the cross which has the unstable property of repeating downfall and beginning. So there already existed the world several times before the present world and it will be doomed to cease its existence. Second, the Sun and the Moon, which exert the most powerful influence on the human lives, were created by the Gods` sacrifice and the Sun needs blood as its nutrient for its survival. Third, the Divine Mountain formed by the process of the rising of the ground in the sea in the beginning of the world is the central axis of the Universe by which the Heaven world, the Earth, and the Underground world can make mutual understanding. And the hill formed in the center of each city is the symbol of the Divine Mountain and means that the authority and order of Gods` world is the core of human lives. Fourth, Human beings were created by the Gods` need, in other words, they were born as the subject to worship and support Gods. Therefore, if the Human beings neglects that fatalistic duty they will be thoroughly destroyed by the Gods`s anger. Fifth, to avoid the God`s anger Human beings must continue the ritual for Gods in which the sacrificial offering should be human`s blood and heart. Thus, to prepare the offering, it is necessary for them to acquire captives. And in the process the war is justified. Sixth, the Heaven World consists of 13 layered Heavens, and the Underground World(``the place of death``) into which the dead is carried consists of 9 hells. After their death Human beings entered the place, where the apotheosized come to stay in one of the heavens according to their degree of divinity, and common people come to stay in one of hells corresponding with their goodness and evilness. Seventh, the Universe is made up of the Heaven and the Ground world, and the World(the Earth) is located in the border of both worlds. Because of the interaction of these both worlds, the order of this world consists of the dualistic elements such as brightness and darkness, good and evil, day and night, and drought and floods. Eighth, the found
