본 연구는 초등학생 학습부진아동의 문식성을 알아보기 위한 목적이 있으며, G광역시 A, B초등학교 3, 4학년, 학습부진아동 61명, 일반아동 61명, 전체 122명을 대상으로 문식성(읽기, 비단어읽기, 어휘력, 쓰기, 읽기속도), 음운인식(음절탈락, 첫음소탈락, 끝음소탈락), 시지각(시각변별, 시-공간, 시각형태항상성, 시각도형배경), 단기기억(숫자폭, 비단어글자폭), 명명속도(숫자, 사물), 형태소의 관계와 예언변인을 알아보고자 기술통계, t검정, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 하였다.
첫째, 학습부진아동은 문식성, 음운인식, 시지각, 단기기억, 명명속도, 형태소에서 일반아동집단보다 낮은 수행능력을 보였다. 그러나 시지각 하위변인인 시각변별과 명명속도의 사물명명속도는 차이가 없었다.
둘째, 학습부진아동의 문식성 상관변인은 시지각, 단기기억, 명명속도, 형태소이다. 그러나 일반아동의 문식성 상관변인으로 시지각변인은 나타나지 않았다.
셋째, 학습부진아동의 문식성 예언변인은 음소인식, 숫자단기기억, 사물명명속도, 시각도형배경, 형태소이지만, 일반아동 문식성 예언변인은 숫자명명속도와 형태소이다.
The purpose of this study is to analyse the literacy of underachievers in elementary schools. Sixty-one underachieving students and sixty-one average achievers in the 3rd and 4th grades of A.B elementary schools in G Metropolitan city were involved. The study was focused on the relationship between literacy, phonological awareness, visual perception, short-term memory, naming speed, morphology and predictor variables of these students. The results were analysed by descriptive statistics, T tests, correlation analysis and regression analysis.
First of all, it has been found that underachievers showed lower ability in literacy, phonological awareness, visual perception, short-term memory, naming speed and morphology compared to average achievers. On the other hand, there was no difference in comparison between their abilities in performing visual discrimination that is a sub-variable of visual perception and naming speed.
Secondarily, the study proved that the predictor variables of literacy for underachievers were visual figure-ground, short-term memory, naming speed, and morphology. Visual perception was not a part of the predictor variables for the average achievers.
Thirdly, the predictor variables for literacy of underachievers were phoneme awareness, number naming speed, object naming speed, visual figure-ground and morphology. However, the predictor variables of average students were number naming speed and morphology.