본 연구에서는 현재까지 이루어진 청각장애인의 전환에 대한 연구들을 체계적으로 고찰하고, 분석하여 지원 시기와 주체에 대한 효과 및 특성을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 메타분석과 질적 종합 분석을 실시하였다.
먼저 청각장애학생의 전환과 관련된 요인의 효과를 전환 시기별, 주체별, 그리고 전환의 하위 영역에 대한 지원 주체별로 나누어 분석하였는데 시기별로는 학령기가 청각장애학생의 전환에 가장 효과적인 시기이며, 다음으로 취업준비 및 취업기, 취업 유지기 순이다. 전환지원 주체별 전환 효과를 분석한 결과는 청각장애당사자, 가정, 학교, 직장, 지역사회기관청각장애학생 각각의 전환에 대한 효과는 학교가 가장 큰 효과가 있었고, 다음으로 지역사회기관, 직장, 가정, 당사자 순이다. 그리고 전환의 하위 영역에 대한 지원 주체들의 효과는 청각장애당사자의 내적 요인에 해당하는 학습 및 의사소통, 진로성숙도, 자아정체성, 사회적응기술 및 심리성숙도는 학교 지원이 가장 큰 효과를 보임으로서 학교의 지배적인 영향을 받는다. 반면 전환 관련 요인 중에서 환경적 요인, 즉 외적 요인 중 취업준비와 취업여부는 지역사회기관이 효과적인 주체이다. 청각장애학생의 직장 근무조건 및 환경에 대해서는 직장과 가정, 다음으로 지역사회 및 사회 기관 순이다. 끝으로 청각장애학생의 직장 적응 및 직업 안정성 등과 관련한 지원 주체는 직장이며, 학교는 음의 관계를 보인다. 둘째, 청각장애학생의 전환 특성과 개선 방안에 있어서는 현재 청각장애학생을 위한 전환지원은 개인의 특성을 고려하지 못하고 획일화 된 형태를 띄고 있다. 그리고 지역사회나 정부의 예산 지원과 적극적인 협력이나 관심이 매우 부족하며, 전환 관련 전문가나 담당 교사 역시 부족한 실정이었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 청각장애학생을 위한 전환지원이 학교와 지역사회 중심의 지원에 집중되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 청각장애학생의 성공적인 전환을 위해서는 지역사회 및 관련 주체들의 연계를 통한 직업 훈련의 활성화, 직업 교육 담당 교사의 전문성 강화를 위한 다양한 기회 제공, 청각장애학생의 요구와 특성에 따른 교육적 지원, 직장 적응을 위한 사회성 발달 프로그램과 다양한 지원 체제의 개발, 그리고 시각적 자료를 활용한 다양한 공학적 접근의 실현 등이 절실히 요구된다.
The transition education which is at issue in special education recently aims to promote transition from school to society as the integrated full-time job and education, service for adult life, independent life or society participation and so on. It is important that the transition education is carried on in consideration of belief, value, skill, aptitude, interest, preference, and character of individual students.
The transition education is required to have qualification, acquire information, knowledge, skill for job they liked as well as the basic skill of learning by intensive education in school age with career education considering preference and interest of children since childhood. And the transition education needs to be performed throughout all life, because post management and service have to be provided constantly to improve job performance and maintain stable their jobs by constant self development after getting a job. However, the studies conducted until now are about the employment rate, type of work, income for hearing impaired students but there are nonexistent studies of factors related factors of transition education.
Therefor, the objects of research are to investigate the related factors of transition and to consider the actually conditions and improvement solutions to the transition of hearing impaired students by using meta-analysis and qualitatively comprehensive analysis.
The results of research are summarized as follows:First, this study analyzed effects of factors related transition for hearing impaired students depending on time series, service participants and so on. It had the largest effect on the transition education for hearing impaired students depending on time series when they are in school age, and then when they prepare the job, maintain the job had the effect in order. The school had the largest effect on the transition education for hearing impaired students depending on service participants, next the local community, work, family, and hearing impaired students had the effect in order. And regarding the effect of service participants for subarea of transition for hearing impaired students, the school had the largest effect on learning and communication, career maturity, self identity, social adaptation skill and psychology that they are included in factors immanent. That is the school is very important participant for transition of hearing impaired students. While, the local community had the largest effect on preparing job and whether or not they have job and the work had the largest effect on condition and environment of work next family, and then local community in order, among the external factors or environmental factors. Finally, the work had the largest effect on adaptation skill in the work, occupational stability, but school had a negative effect.
Second, regarding the actually conditions and improvement solutions to the transition of hearing impaired students, this study showed the transition education is standardized without considering the individual characteristics of hearing impaired student. And the budget support of government and local community for transition education were very lack, also showed that there is a chronic shortage of teachers for transition education.
Therefore through the results of this study, the transition education was focused on the service by school and local community. But the transition for hearing impaired student couldn't be successful by just only service of school or local community. Even if there are the differences among the service participants, the successful transition education could be completed by the united efforts of service participants. And the transition education need of activation of transition training, offering the chances to reinforce to ability of occupation teachers, service depending on needs and characters of hearing impaired student, programs to develop the adaptation skill in the work and so on.