몰트만은“만물의회복”을 다루는항목에서최후의심판에대한교회
의 전통적견해를비판 평가하는것으로시작한다. 그리고만유화해론이
최근신학계에활발하게논의되고있음을소개하면서자신의성서적, 신학
적 논리를제시한다. 그가제시하는신학적논리는첫째, 하나님은사랑이
시므로인간을영원히저주하시지않는다는것, 둘째, 구원은인간의결단인
믿음에달려있는것이아니라, 인간의믿음과는관계없는전적인하나님의
은혜이며하나님의주도적결단이라는것, 셋째, 최후의심판은천당과지옥
이라는이중적결과를가져오는것이아니라만물을새롭게하시는하나님
의 의라는것, 넷째, 그리스도의십자가의효력이모든악의세력보다종국
적으로더 위대하기때문에, 악(영원한지옥)의최종적승리는결코있을수
없으며, 지옥은그리스도께서십자가에달리셔서지옥의경험을몸소겪으
셨기때문에지옥이파괴되었다는것 등이다. 이런논의끝에그는“모든죄
인, 악한자들과폭력을행하는자들, 살인자들과사탄의자식들, 모든마귀
와 타락한천사들이하나님의심판속에서해방되며, 그들의치명적인사멸
에서변화됨으로써그들의참된피조물적본질로구원을받는다. 하나님은
자기자신에게신실하시며, 그가한 때 창조하였고긍정한것을포기하지않
으며상실되도록내버려두지않기때문이다‘. 최후의심판’은 위협이아니
라 그리스도의진리 안에서 인간에서선포될수 있는 가장 놀라운것이
다.…모든사물의회복은…회복시키시는하나님의심판과, 새로운생명으
로 일으키는하나님나라라는두 가지면을가지고있다”고 결론내린다.
하나님은어떤분이신가하는하나님의속성의문제, 인간의최종적구
원에믿음이어떤연관성을가지는가하는복음과믿음, 구원과믿음의문
제, 최후의심판은이중적결과인가아니면만물의회복인가하는 최후의
심판의성격과결과의문제, 그로인한지옥의영원성에관한문제등은만
인구원론자들과전통적견해를가진사람들과의핵심논쟁점들이다. 본논
문은몰트만이제기하고나름의결론을내린이 문제들, 그리고그런주장
으로인하여파생되는문제들을비판적으로연구하고평가하는것을그 목
적으로한다.
The purpose of this article is to criticize the key issues of universalism
of J. Moltmann and to support the traditional view on final results of men.
Two answers to the questions about the final destiny of men are given in the
history of theology. The one is the double results after final judgement and
the other, salvation of all. This article considered theological foundation of
the Universalism critically from the traditional view. I think that his
universalistic logics and standpoints might be adequate to raise issues
against the traditional views, but are not so much persuasive, for the
bibletexts which his universalism presents, don’t say yes clearly to the
universalism. Although his theological views such as God’s love, universal
effect of the cross and salvation as God’s sovereign decision are logically
plausible, its serious weakness is insufficient biblical references. Rather, the
Bible attests to the traditional views of the destiny of men after the final
judgment. According to the Bible, the Gospel of Christ’s cross are open to
all, but all, including satan and the unrighteous, are not saved. The
unrighteous, who don’t accept the gospel to the end and reject it, are
destined to eternal punishment. But those who support the traditional views,
should consider as follows: that eternal life and eternal punishment don’t
need to be regarded as equivalent, that hell must not be used as means to
fear, that the church must teach reality of hell, that faith must not be
regarded as self -righteousness, and that we are called to proclaim the
gospel. Recently, hell disappeared from the church and its preaching and
teaching, the renaissance of universalism appeared. I think that at this
atmosphere this article contributed to motivate the discussion about the
final destiny of men after final judgement.