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Purpose In response to the challenges and difficulties imposed by rare cancers, multi-stakeholderinitiatives dedicated to improving rare cancer care was launched, and several recommendationswere made by professional societies. However, these primarily reflect the view ofthe advocates and supporters, and may not represent the views of the “average” clinicianor researcher. In this study, we sought to investigate perceived difficulties with regard torare cancer care and potential solutions endorsed by oncologists. Materials and MethodsA representative sample of 420 oncologists recruited in 13 cancer centers participated ina nationwide survey. ResultsOncologists faced various difficulties in treatment of patients with rare cancers, includingthe lack of clinical practice guidelines (65.7%) and personal experience (65.2%), lack ofapproved treatment options (39.8%), and reimbursement issues (44.5%). They weregenerally supportive of recent recommendations by multi-stakeholder initiatives as well asprofessional societies for development of clear clinical practice guidelines (66.0%), flexiblereimbursement guidelines (52.9%), and a national rare cancer registry (47.4%). However,there was only moderate endorsement for referrals to high-volume centers (35.5%) andencouragement of off-label treatments (21.0%). ConclusionInsights into the general attitudes of oncologists gained through our nationwide survey ofrepresentative samples would be helpful in development of clinical practices and publichealth policies in rare cancer treatment and research.

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