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Purpose Capecitabine is known to increase mean corpuscular volume (MCV). To define the incidenceof capecitabine-induced macrocytosis and its association with chemotherapy outcomes,we investigated data of 89 patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) who were enrolledin a randomized chemotherapy trial involving capecitabine. Materials and MethodsChemotherapy-naïve AGC patients were treated with capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2/day ondays 1-14) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m2 on day 1), with or without epirubicin (50 mg/m2 on day1). Complete blood counts including MCV were measured at baseline and on day 1 of each3-week chemotherapy course. Macrocytosis was defined as a MCV increase > 10 fL frombaseline. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for analysis of the impactof clinical and MCV values on chemotherapy outcomes. ResultsAt baseline, the mean MCV was 88.2 fL (normal range, 80 to 100 fL). During chemotherapy,MCV increased in a dose-dependent manner with a mean increase of 11.3 fL. MCV elevationafter capecitabine treatment in 74 patients (90%) and 44 patients (42%) developed macrocytosis. Results of multivariate analysis showed that development of macrocytosis wasindependent of baseline hemoglobin level, liver metastasis, performance status, or liverfunction. The number of chemotherapy cycles showed strong association with developmentof macrocytosis and hematologic adverse events. In addition, a significant association wasobserved between macrocytosis and clinical response or survival. ConclusionMacrocytosis developed with more frequent and prolonged use of capecitabine. It is possiblethat association with treatment outcomes warrants further investigation.

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