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This paper aims to analyse the meaning of intellectual history which the movement of transformation or deconstruction of Neo-confucianism, as a political evolution of 'people' and the ideological struggle about it, is happened since the beginning of the study Neo-confucianism between the people of city in Edo period of Japan.
First, in order to understand the reason why the political evolution of 'people' and the ideological struggle about it happened in Edo period, I emphasize it was important that there was the accidental combination of special conditions in politics, economy, international relation and the acceptance of Neo-confucianism having the principle everyone is equal by nature at that time.
Second, the famous thinkers of the movement of transformation or deconstruction of Neo-confucianism, Jinsai Ito, Sorai Ogyu and Norinaga Motoori, are positioned to the typical example of the political evolution of 'people' and the ideological struggle about it. Jinsai Ito, through the reconstruction of confucianism with the critical approach about Neo-confucianism, produced the discourse of the political evolution of 'people'. Sorai Ogyu, in opposition to Jinsai Ito's discourse, presented the reformation design of Samurai regime and the strategy of turning the 'people' over to Samurai's side by interpreting confucianism to a political science. Norinaga Motoori, by the making the synthesis of kokugaku as ethno-centrism, made the principle of people's willing obedience to the emperor Tenno.
Finally, I insist the political evolution of 'people' emerged early compared with other country in East Asia, but it caused the paradox of the early conservative resistance by the 'people' in Edo period of Japan. And it had a strong effect on the relationship between state and people in modern Japan.
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