본 연구는 1차 벤더사 이상의 규모를 지닌 자동차부품산업 202개사 중 50개사를 표본대상 기업으로 선정하여 편의 추출한 표본기업 구성원 450명에게 2014년 1월 5일부터 3월 31일까지 구조화된 설문지를 배부하고 e-mail, 우편, 택배 등의 수단으로 372부의 설문을 회수하였으며, 분석 가능한 설문지 353부를 가지고 구성원들이 지각하는 절차공정성, 조직몰입, 조직문화특성, 조직시민행동 사이 직접효과, 매개효과, 조절효과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 절차공정성이 조직시민행동에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있다. 이는 절차공정성과 조직시민행동 사이 직접적 효과가 있으므로 자동차부품산업의 직무외적 성과향상을 촉진하기 위해서는 절차공정성을 제고할 수 있는 제도의 수립이 필요함을 시사하고 있다. 둘째, 절차공정성과 이타성, 정당성, 공익성 등 조직시민행동 사이 조직몰입은 완전매개효과, 절차공정성과 양심성, 예의성 등 조직시민행동 사이 조직몰입은 부분매개효과를 보여주고 있다. 이는 조직몰입도를 증진하기 위한 구성원의 사기진작 방안과 공정한 인사제도 등 절차공정성 제고 노력이 동시에 필요함을 시사한다. 셋째, 절차공정성과 조직시민행동 사이 조직문화의 조절효과는 문화의 특성에 따라 다르게 나타남을 보이고 있다. 즉, 위계지향문화는 이타성에, 과업지향문화는 이타성, 양심성, 정당성, 예의성, 공익성 등에 조절효과가 있음을 나타내고 있다. 이는 자동차부품 관련기업의 일관된 생산라인 및 지휘체계에서 과업지향문화가 혁신과 생산성을 증진시킬 수 있는 전략임을 시사하고 있다.
The study pursues the development of concerned theory and human resource management verifying empirically the direct, intermediate and moderate effect of procedural justice, organizational commitment and organizational culture for organizational citizenship behavior that the employees of automotive part industry firms perceive. To verify these propositions, this study adopted survey based-data of 372 members within 50 automotive part industry firms among the first-level vendor firms. Up to this date, many studies precedent on the relationship of these factors have been carried out focusing on 2-3 variables aiming at some industry. Otherwise, this study is focused on complex relationship among four variables aiming at automotive part industry firms. To deepen and differentiate the result of study, this study used the concrete bottom variables. At first, procedural justice is adopted as the alternative of organizational fairness variables. Secondly, organizational commitment is adopted as the alternative of organizational effectiveness variables. Thirdly, organizational citizenship behavior as an independent variable is verified being classified and focused on five bottom level variables. Namely, those variables are altruism, conscientousness, sportsmanship, courtesy and civic virtue. Also, the hierarchical culture and task-oriented culture are adopted as the appropriate cultures of automotive part industry firms.
Especially, this study recommends some new implications concerning with the new human resource management system, organizational commitment enhancement and organizational culture innovation of automotive part industry firms. The result proves that there are positive correlations among the procedural justice, organizational commitment, task-oriented culture and organizational citizenship behavior. There are negative correlations among the procedural justice, organizational commitment, hierarchical culture and organizational citizenship behavior. There is a partial moderate effect between the procedural justice and organizational culture, and also there is complete or partial mediation effect among organizational commitment, procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior. The results of study are as follows :H1 : Procedural justice of organizational effectiveness has a positive effect on organizational commitment. If these firms enhance organizational commitment, the fair evaluation system and moderate communication are required.
H2 : Procedural justice has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Because the performance of these firms is influenced by organizational citizenship behavior, the action to enhance procedural justice also is required.
H3 : Organizational Commitment has a full or partial mediation effect between procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Those mean that two kinds of actions are needed to enhance organizational performance. One is to make a fair evaluation system and the others are to provide the enhancement action of employee’s morale and to share the organizational value.
H4 : Organizational Culture has a full or partial mederation effect between procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Those mean that environmental change of the firm is forced to accept the new organizational culture.
The result of this study provides the meaningful implications on concerned theory and practical regulation innovation. But, advanced study including global automotive part industry firms is required and the problem of common method bias is to be solved.