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This article is about the Jeolla-do people’s footsteps in Ulleungdo during the late Joseon Dynasty and Korean Empire period. The earliest record of Jeolla-do people in Ulleungdo is about Yong-bok Ahn incident in the late Joseon Dynasty period. Yong-bok Ahn was kidnapped by some Japanese fishermen in 1693 and an investigation records made in Tsushima when he was about to return home show the existence of Jeolla-do people in Ulleungdo. According to the record, Yong-bok Ahn and his companies saild out for fish to Ulleungdo via three ships, one of which came from Suncheon, Jeolla-do. Furthermore, when he went to Japan to argue in 1696, 6 of 11 people accompanied were from Jeolla-do.
After the incident, Joseon Dynasty continued the cyclical patrol in Ulleungdo. Under King Yeongjo’s reign, some records are found about Jeolla-do people making a boat in Ulleungdo and collecting the marine products around it. Also, during King Jeongjo’s reign (1780), the French expedition of La Pérouse wrote about witnessing the shipbuilding in many places along the beach of Ulleungdo.
After opening the peer for foreigners, Kyuwon Lee says there were many activities of Jeolla-do people in Ulleungdo in his ‘Ulleungdo observation diary’ written in 1882. Among the 140 people he met, 115 were from Jeolla-do, making the boats and collecting the marine products. After the government decided to develop Ulleungdo and Dokdo, the residents and officers used the boats that belonged to Jeolla-do people. The tax revenue of Ulleungdo totally depended on the taxes on seaweeds and shipbuilding. After Yongjung Woo’s proposal to the king elevated the status of Ulleungdo to Uldogun, the shipbuilding activities stopped, however the collection of seaweeds continued under Jeolla-do people’s monopoly until 1910.
Names of places reflects the Jeolla-do people’s activities in Ulleungdo in its development period. Usando, the original name of Dokdo, changed to Dolseom/Dokseom which are the dialect of Jeolla-do, the chinese translation of which are ‘Seokdo/Dokdo’ that became the origin of today’s official name, Dokdo. Among the 11 dong and li (unit of administrative district), 3 had the same names that are in Jeolla-do; Jangheung, Namyang and Nari.
As you will see in this article, the original names of Ulleungdo and Dokdo were not empty island or ownerless land. Since 17th century, despite the government’s restriction policy, the people went to those islands not only from Gangwon-do and Gyeongsang-do, but also from Jeolla-do which is much farther, making their living with shipbuilding and fishing with periodic visits on the islands.
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