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Cyclosporins are a family of clinically-importantimmunosuppressive cyclic peptides produced by Tolypocladiuminflatum. The structural modification of cyclosporins viahydroxylation at various positions of N-methyl leucines incyclosporin A leads to a dramatic change of their bioactivespectra. Among over 100 soil actinomycetes screened, twoactinomycetes species, Sebekia benihana and Pseudonocardiaautotrophica, were identified to contain superior cyclosporinA hydroxylation activities. A HPLC-based cyclosporin Ahydroxylation assay revealed that each strain possesses distinctivehydroxylation specificity and regiospecificity; mono-hydroxylationat the 4th N-methyl leucine of cyclosporin A by S. benihana,and di-hydroxylations at both 4th and 9th N-methyl leucinesof cyclosporin A by P. autotrophica. The conversion yieldsfor cyclosporin A hydroxylation by both S. benihana and P.autotrophica were significantly improved from less than 10%and 18% up to 58% and 45%, respectively, in the optimizedculture containing molybdenum with 0.05 g/l of cyclosporinA concentration. An ancymidol-specific inhibition of cyclosporinhydroxylation also suggested that the regiospecific cyclosporinhydroxylation might be catalyzed by a putative cytochromeP450 mono-oxygenase enzyme.

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