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- 자료유형
- 연구보고서
- 저자정보
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- 한국농촌경제연구원 한국농촌경제연구원 연구보고 [D477 연구자료] Development of the Agricultural Research and Extension System of Korea and Its Implications for Eurasian Countries
- 발행연도
- 2019.2
- 수록면
- 1 - 75 (75page)
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South Korea, which suffered from severe hunger and poverty after the Korean War (1950~1953), has achieved self-sufficiency in supply of rice, a staple crop, since the early 1970s with the success of research and development, and extension services in the agricultural sector. The country has unique characteristics in its Agricultural Extension Services (AES), currently organized as the Rural Development Administration (RDA), compared to other countries and they have brought about significant success in improving agricultural productivity and efficiently providing developed technologies to farmers. This study has been performed to study AES in Eurasian countries as well as the development of the agricultural extension system of Korea in order to share the successful factors that enabled South Korea to accomplish such success in the agricultural R&D and technology distribution.
This paper consists of four main parts of research. The first one is the development of the distinguished agricultural extension services of Korea in the perspective of policies and institutions. For the efficiency of AES, the Korean government combined research and development, and extension functions into one independent government body. RDA had four agricultural institutions of science and four extension-related bureaus and it could make synergy effects of the combined functions through the interaction during extension services with farmers who adopted new techniques and technologies provided by RDA. In the process, R&D and extension services could coincide.
The second part of the study covers the Korean agricultural transformation which explains the changes in the agricultural sector over the past decades and suggests new directions for the role of agriculture in Korea. Due to the industrialization and modernization, diet habit and food consumption were diversified. Strategies and directions to revitalize rural communities including the restoration of rural areas, decentralization, investment in innovative growth in rural communities are provided.
The third part of the study represents the current nutritional status and agricultural R&D and extension system of Eurasian countries. Since the independence in 1990, Eurasian countries developed and organized their own agricultural extension services in order to improve agricultural productivity and increase farmers’ income. The Eurasian countries which this study covers have operated not only national institutes of agricultural science but also educational institutions such as universities for the development of agricultural technologies. While a diversity of institutes are organized and play a critical role in R&D and extension services, such issues as lack of budget and well-trained extension workers, and too much dependence on international donors arise in the countries as problems.
Lastly, the study delivers implications for AES of the Eurasian countries based on the findings from the case of the Korean extension services. Eurasian countries may have issues including lack of public investment, limited contributions by donors, and actors in R&D and extension services. For the efficiency of AES in the region, the study suggests the efficiency in coordination of functions between R&D and technology dissemination, extended involvement by the public sector, and extensive involvement of the extension services other than traditional functions of technology dissemination.
This paper consists of four main parts of research. The first one is the development of the distinguished agricultural extension services of Korea in the perspective of policies and institutions. For the efficiency of AES, the Korean government combined research and development, and extension functions into one independent government body. RDA had four agricultural institutions of science and four extension-related bureaus and it could make synergy effects of the combined functions through the interaction during extension services with farmers who adopted new techniques and technologies provided by RDA. In the process, R&D and extension services could coincide.
The second part of the study covers the Korean agricultural transformation which explains the changes in the agricultural sector over the past decades and suggests new directions for the role of agriculture in Korea. Due to the industrialization and modernization, diet habit and food consumption were diversified. Strategies and directions to revitalize rural communities including the restoration of rural areas, decentralization, investment in innovative growth in rural communities are provided.
The third part of the study represents the current nutritional status and agricultural R&D and extension system of Eurasian countries. Since the independence in 1990, Eurasian countries developed and organized their own agricultural extension services in order to improve agricultural productivity and increase farmers’ income. The Eurasian countries which this study covers have operated not only national institutes of agricultural science but also educational institutions such as universities for the development of agricultural technologies. While a diversity of institutes are organized and play a critical role in R&D and extension services, such issues as lack of budget and well-trained extension workers, and too much dependence on international donors arise in the countries as problems.
Lastly, the study delivers implications for AES of the Eurasian countries based on the findings from the case of the Korean extension services. Eurasian countries may have issues including lack of public investment, limited contributions by donors, and actors in R&D and extension services. For the efficiency of AES in the region, the study suggests the efficiency in coordination of functions between R&D and technology dissemination, extended involvement by the public sector, and extensive involvement of the extension services other than traditional functions of technology dissemination.
목차
[표지]
[ABSTRACT]
[TABLE OF CONTENTS]
TABLES
FIGURES
[Chapter 1 Introduction]
Background
[Chapter 2 R&D and Extension System of Korean Agricultural Technology]
1. Evolution of Organizations and Institutions
2. Organizations and Functions
3. Performances for Food Security and Nutrition
[Chapter 3 Changes of Korean Agriculture, and R&D and Extension System]
1. Transformation of Food Security and Nutrition
2. Searching for New Directions
3. Transformation of R&D and Extension System
[Chapter 4 Current Agricultural R&D and Extension System and Nutritional Status of Eurasian Countries]
1. Agricultural R&D and Extension Services of Eurasian Countries
2. Nutritional Status of Eurasian Countries
[Chapter 5 Challenges and Implications]
1. Challenges and CACAARI’s Suggestions to the Eurasian Countries
2. Implications from Experiences of Korea
[REFERENCES]
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