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This article aims to critically review de Mussis’s report of the events at Caffa. De Mussi says in his account that Tartars catapulted their dead compatriots infected by the plague into the besieged city of Caffa in order to contaminate the Genoese defending the city and that some Genoese galleys fleeing from the city transported the disease to Western Europe. Some historians interpret his report of Tartars catapulting plague-infected bodies as an act of biological warfare, and others do not trust his account as a reliable historical record, while some works rely on his account, even though they do not interpret it as evidence of biological warfare. This article tries to determine whether his account is true or not, and explain historical contexts in which it was made.
De Mussi was not an eye-witness of the war between the Tartars and the Genoese in the years of 1343 to 1437 in Caffa, contrary to some historians’ arguments that he was present there during the war. In addition, he understands and explains the disease from a religious perspective as does most of his contemporary Christians, believing that the disease was God"s punishment for the sins of human beings.
His account of the Tartars catapulting their compatriot’s bodies may derive from his fear and hostility against the Tartars, thinking that they were devils from hell and pagans to be annihilated. For de Mussi, the Genoese may have been greedy merchants who were providing Muslims with slaves and enforcing their military forces. Therefore, he thought that the Tartars and the Genoese were sinners that spread the disease, and that God punished their arrogance. His pathological knowledge of the disease was not accurate and very limited. His medical explanation was based on humoral theory and Miasma theory that Christians and Muslims in the Mediterranean World shared. De Mussi"s account that Caffa was a principal starting point for the disease to spread to Western Europe is not sufficiently supported by other contemporary documents. Byzantine chronicles and Villani"s chronicle consider not Caffa but Tana as a starting point.
In conclusion, most of his account of the disease are not true. However, we can not say that he did not intentionally lie, and we may draw a conclusion that his explanation was made under scientific limits and religious prejudice or intolerance of the medieval Christian world.
De Mussi was not an eye-witness of the war between the Tartars and the Genoese in the years of 1343 to 1437 in Caffa, contrary to some historians’ arguments that he was present there during the war. In addition, he understands and explains the disease from a religious perspective as does most of his contemporary Christians, believing that the disease was God"s punishment for the sins of human beings.
His account of the Tartars catapulting their compatriot’s bodies may derive from his fear and hostility against the Tartars, thinking that they were devils from hell and pagans to be annihilated. For de Mussi, the Genoese may have been greedy merchants who were providing Muslims with slaves and enforcing their military forces. Therefore, he thought that the Tartars and the Genoese were sinners that spread the disease, and that God punished their arrogance. His pathological knowledge of the disease was not accurate and very limited. His medical explanation was based on humoral theory and Miasma theory that Christians and Muslims in the Mediterranean World shared. De Mussi"s account that Caffa was a principal starting point for the disease to spread to Western Europe is not sufficiently supported by other contemporary documents. Byzantine chronicles and Villani"s chronicle consider not Caffa but Tana as a starting point.
In conclusion, most of his account of the disease are not true. However, we can not say that he did not intentionally lie, and we may draw a conclusion that his explanation was made under scientific limits and religious prejudice or intolerance of the medieval Christian world.
목차
1. 서론
2. 무시스: 전염병을 종교적 관점에서 해석한 간접 목격자
3. 몽골과 제노바 상인에 대한 혐오와 편견
4. 흑사병에 대한 부정확한 병리학적 지식
5. 카파, 서유럽으로 흑사병이 퍼지는 출발점?
6. 결론
참고문헌 REFERENCE
Abstract
참고문헌 (60)
참고문헌 신청
카르피니, 플라노 / 2015 / 몽골 제국 기행 : 마르코 폴로의 선구자들 / 까치
Adam, William / 2012 / How to defeat the Saracens / Dumbarto Oaks Research Library and Collection
Andrea, Alfred J. / 2020 / The medieval record: sources of medieval history / Hackett Publishing Company
Dawson, Christopher / 1980 / Mission to Asia / University of Toronto Press
De la Haye, Olivier / 1888 / Poème sur la Grande Peste de 1348 / H. Georg
Adam, William / 2012 / How to defeat the Saracens / Dumbarto Oaks Research Library and Collection
Andrea, Alfred J. / 2020 / The medieval record: sources of medieval history / Hackett Publishing Company
Dawson, Christopher / 1980 / Mission to Asia / University of Toronto Press
De la Haye, Olivier / 1888 / Poème sur la Grande Peste de 1348 / H. Georg
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