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This article is a preliminary effort to form an analytical framework and to make a few conceptual innovations which can explain the characteristics and historical changes of religion-state dynamics in the post-colonial Korea. Some suggestions are put forward in this article and they can be summarized as follows.
(1) In the study of religion-state relations, we should primarily focus on “strategic interactions” between state and religion, rather than laws or policies concerning religion. (2) In these strategic interactions, while political elites tend to rely on “hegemonic strategy”, religious elites tend to rely on “influence strategy” (mainstream religions) or “legalization strategy” (marginal religions). (3) Most distinctive features of religion-state dynamics in Korea are the combination of the “multi-religious situation” (religious pluralism) and “state authoritarianism” toward religious sphere. (4) To observe concretely the way in which state authoritarianism evolves in the multi-religious situation, it would be useful to introduce the concepts such as “regulatory gap” and “privilege gap” among religions. (5) Over six decades since the Liberation,multi-religious situation gradually turned to a religious oligarchy of “Big 3”(Protestantism, Catholicism, and Buddhism). Since the year of 1987 when democratic transition of Korean society was launched, state authoritarianism toward religions was dramatically relaxed. (6) These movements entail subsequent changes such as gradual reduction of regulatory gap between religions, the formation of “dual religious market” (privileged religious market vs. non-privileged religious market), the maintenance and even fixation of privilege gap between two religious markets.
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