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초록· 키워드
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that controls many aspects of
cellular function, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, immune surveillance, and
survival. TGF-β inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in various cell types, and accumulation of
loss-of-function mutations in signaling molecules classify the pathway as a tumor suppressor. On the other
hand, resistance of TGF-β mediated inhibition of proliferation is frequently observed in multiple human
cancers, as are various alterations in the complex TGF-β signaling and cell cycle pathways. TGF-β
can exerts effects on tumor and stromal cells as well as alter the responsiveness of tumor cells to TGF-β
to simulate invasion, metastasis, and to inhibit immune surveillance. This suggests a pro-oncogenic role
for TGF-β in addition to its tumor suppressor role. Because of the dual role of TGF-β in carcinogenesis
and cancer progression, the TGF-β signaling pathways are considered as molecular targets for the cancer
prevention, as well as the cancer therapy. This review discusses the recent development of TGF-β signal
modulators for the application to cancer therapy. (Cancer Prev Res 14, 188-200, 2009)
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