The Reformation was a movement that arose to reform the Roman Catholic Church that some held to be either unsupported by scriptural teaching, corrupt and abuses of authority. Martin Luther was not only a great theologian but also played a great role in the development of Protestant church music. He emphasized the doctrine of salvation by grace, individual priesthood, and the primacy of the Scripture. Luther gave to church music a vitality providing an environment of worship where the Living God and man could meet. The Reformation restored congregational participation in worship. Congregational singing restored the biblical principles of intelligibility and the participation of all, which resulted in edification. Luther restored worship to it's biblical foundation, resulting in the promotion of vital worship. Johann Sebastian Bach was descended from a long line of Lutherans. Bach's personal faith moved him to become an earnest student of the Bible and Luther's theology. Actually he was a sincere preacher of the gospel. Luther and Bach both believed that music could be used a powerful tool to give the glory to God. Bach's philosophy of church music contributed to a vitality of worship. Bach believed that the Word was preached either through music or the spoken word. It encouraged congregational response by allowing them to respond through congregational singing. Bach also believed that worship must center around the glory to God. The purpose of this study was three-fold:1) to review briefly the Luther's theology and philosophy of church which significantly influenced on Johann Sebastian Bach. The theology of Martin Luther was briefly examined as it related to his philosophy of church music and worship. 2) to find out Johann Sebastian Bach's philosophy of church music which contributed to attendance increased at services of worship and growth in Leipzig churches. 3)to make some valuable suggestions from the philosophy of church music held by Luther and Bach for applying to contemporary church music practice.