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This paper investigated recent new academic trends which focus to criticize Euro-centric world history narratives by reappraising Chinese economic vitality and strength up to the end of the eighteenth century. This group, so-called "california school", includes Kenneth Pomeranz, R. Bin Wong, and A. G. Frank also who named it. The main implication of these studies is that the great shift in the balance of the world economy-the establishment of European economic hegemony-took place rather later, in the age of steam-powered industrialization, long after the sixteenth-century era of initial European maritime expansion. As Pomeranz and Wong accentuated only sometime after 1800 did Chinese economy fall behind rapidly growing European economies, A.G. Frank articulated Chinese economy had been the center of world economy by tremendous silver demand and relative priority in trade goods. Pomeranz addressed the issue with an empirical and comparative strategy, addressing consumption, production, labor, and giving particular attention to ecological constraints on growth. Wong, even he also emphasized Europe and China shared smithian dynamics, preferred to adopt a strategy of analytical comparison, contrasting the political economies of agrarian and merchant empires. These studies owes a lot to three discrete academic resources ; earlier studies about the sprout of capitalism, Asian inter-regional trade system advanced by Japanese scholars and dependancy theory.
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