This article analyzes Protestant discourses about culture to elucidate its significance. As the use of the term “culture” became predominant, Protestantism has constructed and justified its religiosity in relation with culture. Traditionally, culture was a very important subject in Protestantism, and therefore it has the long-standing theological discourses. This paper first examines the ways in which the Western theology have considered the relation between Protestantism and culture. Then it focuses on how Protestant discourses about culture emerged and developed in Korean history. Scholars of Protestantism in the 1960s made efforts to define the culture of Korean Protestantism, which included the studies of “indigenization” and “Cultural Theology.” The 1990s saw the emergence of Protestant discourses about popular culture that insisted on transformation of popular culture. The Protestant discourses about culture presuppose a binary distinction between Christianity and culture, which claim that both traditional and popular cultures are negative and they should be overcome. However, such discourses entail the risk of a lack of communication only to ghettoize the religion.