Objectives: This study aimed to examine the moderating effect of a single-person household on the relationship between mental health literacy and professional help-seeking attitudes among rural middle-aged and older people. Methods: A self-report survey was conducted among rural middle-aged and older people (N=339). The moderating effect of a single-person household was tested using PROCESS Macro Model 1. Results: The influence of mental health literacy on professional help-seeking attitudes was statistically significantly moderated by whether participants lived alone. Conclusion: To enhance mental health literacy and professional help-seeking attitudes among rural middle-aged and older people in single-person households, it is advisable to build specific strategies for rural areas and provide the necessary health and welfare facilities.