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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
(경희대)
저널정보
한국동서비교문학학회 동서비교문학저널 동서비교문학저널 제75호
발행연도
수록면
183 - 206 (24page)
DOI
10.29324/jewcl.2026.3.75.183

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초록· 키워드

This article reads Philip K. Dick’s Now Wait for Last Year through cybernetics and systems theory, examining how the novel reimagines time travel as a problem of information feedback and self-observation. Drawing on Norbert Wiener’s classical cybernetics, I interpret the time slips of Kathy Sweetscent, Eric Sweetscent, and Gino Molinari as feedback loops in which the present system takes information from the past or future as input to modify its own operations, positioning each traveler as a first-order observer seemingly external to the system. Yet, Eric’s journeys into multiple futures reveal that feedback does not merely reduce uncertainty; his present decisions retroactively alter the very futures he has observed, exposing the limits of Wiener’s cybernetics that leaves the observer outside the system. Building on Maturana and Varela’s concept of the observer as a living, self-producing system, and extending this through Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory, I argue that Eric functions as a recursive observer whose self-observation transforms his temporal position—transitioning from first-order to second-order observer as he comes to observe not just the future but the very act of his own observation. In this neocybernetic perspective, the observer’s constitutive blind spot generates temporal paradox not as a logical flaw but as the structural condition under which the system produces its own time. Dick’s novel offers a distinctive SF meditation on time, subjectivity, and the irreducible limits of self-observation.
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  1. ABSTRACT
  2. I. 들어가며
  3. II. 정보의 피드백과 인과적 순환성
  4. III. 시간여행에서 관찰자와 타임 패러독스
  5. IV. 나가며
  6. Works Cited

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