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논문 기본 정보

저자정보
(Hanyang University) (Georgia Institute of Technology) (Hanyang University)
저널정보
대한국토·도시계획학회 국토계획 國土計劃 第61卷 第5號(通卷 第293號)
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    초록·키워드

    This study empirically examines the spatial distribution patterns of unmanned stores in Seoul, Korea, and the urban spatial factors associated with their density at the administrative dong level. Despite the rapid proliferation of unmanned stores, driven by rising labor costs, advances in AI technology, and the expansion of platform-based retail, empirical research on their urban spatial patterns remains limited. Herein, a dataset of 8,649 unmanned stores across 20 business types was compiled through a three-stage process of brand identification, data collection, and deduplication, using Kakao Map API, National Geographic Information Institute POI data, Fair Trade Commission franchise records, and municipal licensing data. Three analytical approaches were employed at the administrative dong level: local Moran’s I LISA cluster analysis to identify spatial clustering patterns of unmanned and manned stores by business type, spatial regression models to examine urban spatial factors associated with store density, and hierarchical cluster analysis to classify business types by their spatial distribution characteristics. Results indicate that unmanned stores tend to cluster in outer Seoul and residential areas rather than in commercial cores or areas with a high number of nearby subway stations; this is in contrast with the concentration patterns of manned stores. Unmanned store density is positively associated with night- time de facto population density and negatively with commercial district area proportions. The clustering results group business types into neighborhood-serving, commercial core, and demand-externality types, with convenience stores, cafes, and photo studios falling into different types depending on whether they are unmanned or manned. These findings call for commercial management policies that extend beyond fixed commercial boundaries and account for the complementary role of unmanned stores within the broader urban retail landscape.

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