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Springer Science and Business Media LLC Nature Communications 14(1)
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    초록·키워드

    F<sub>1</sub> domain of ATP synthase is a rotary ATPase complex in which rotation of central γ-subunit proceeds in 120° steps against a surrounding α<sub>3</sub>β<sub>3</sub> fueled by ATP hydrolysis. How the ATP hydrolysis reactions occurring in three catalytic αβ dimers are coupled to mechanical rotation is a key outstanding question. Here we describe catalytic intermediates of the F<sub>1</sub> domain in F<sub>o</sub>F<sub>1</sub> synthase from Bacillus PS3 sp. during ATP mediated rotation captured using cryo-EM. The structures reveal that three catalytic events and the first 80° rotation occur simultaneously in F<sub>1</sub> domain when nucleotides are bound at all the three catalytic αβ dimers. The remaining 40° rotation of the complete 120° step is driven by completion of ATP hydrolysis at α<sub>D</sub>β<sub>D</sub>, and proceeds through three sub-steps (83°, 91°, 101°, and 120°) with three associated conformational intermediates. All sub-steps except for one between 91° and 101° associated with phosphate release, occur independently of the chemical cycle, suggesting that the 40° rotation is largely driven by release of intramolecular strain accumulated by the 80° rotation. Together with our previous results, these findings provide the molecular basis of ATP driven rotation of ATP synthases.

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