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Springer Science and Business Media LLC Scientific Reports 13(1)
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    초록·키워드

    Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder for which there are no therapeutics to date. Several mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN 1), which is the catalytic component of γ-secretase complex, are causal of FAD. Recently, the p.Ile416Thr (I416T) PSEN 1 mutation has been reported in large kindred in Colombia. However, cell and molecular information from I416T mutation is scarce. Here, we demonstrate that menstrual stromal cells (MenSCs)-derived planar (2D) PSEN 1 I416T cholinergic-like cells (ChLNS) and (3D) cerebral spheroids (CSs) reproduce the typical neuropathological markers of FAD in 4 post-transdifferentiating or 11 days of transdifferentiating, respectively. The models produce intracellular aggregation of APPβ fragments (at day 4 and 11) and phosphorylated protein TAU at residue Ser<sup>202</sup>/Thr<sup>205</sup> (at day 11) suggesting that iAPPβ fragments precede p-TAU. Mutant ChLNs and CSs displayed DJ-1 Cys<sup>106</sup>-SO<sub>3</sub> (sulfonic acid), failure of mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨ<sub>m</sub>), and activation of transcription factor c-JUN and p53, expression of pro-apoptotic protein PUMA, and activation of executer protein caspase 3 (CASP3), all markers of cell death by apoptosis. Moreover, we found that both mutant ChLNs and CSs produced high amounts of extracellular eAβ<sub>42</sub>. The I416T ChLNs and CSs were irresponsive to acetylcholine induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx compared to WT. The I416T PSEN 1 mutation might work as dominant-negative PSEN1 mutation. These findings might help to understanding the recurring failures of clinical trials of anti-eAβ<sub>42</sub>, and support the view that FAD is triggered by the accumulation of other intracellular AβPP metabolites, rather than eAβ42.

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