인문학
사회과학
자연과학
공학
의약학
농수해양학
예술체육학
복합학
DBpia AI
AI 에이전트
AI 아이디어
AI 리더
AI 뷰어
Citeasy
크롬 서지관리 다운로드
지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록·키워드
The tobacco alkaloid nicotine is known for its activation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine is consumed in different ways such as through conventional smoking, e-cigarettes, snuff or nicotine pouches. The use of snuff has been associated with several adverse health effects, such as inflammatory reactions of the oral mucosa and oral cavity cancer. We performed a metabolomic analysis of nicotine-exposed THP-1 human monocytes. Cells were exposed to 5 mM of the alkaloid for up to 4 h, and cell extracts and medium subjected to untargeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Raw data processing revealed 17 nicotine biotransformation products. Among these, cotinine and nornicotine were identified as the two major cellular biotransformation products. The application of multi- and univariate statistical analyses resulted in the annotation, up to a certain level of identification, of 12 compounds in the cell extracts and 13 compounds in the medium that were altered by nicotine exposure. Of these, four were verified as methylthioadenosine, cytosine, uric acid, and L-glutamate. Methylthioadenosine levels were affected in both cells and the medium, while cytosine, uric acid, and L-glutamate levels were affected in the medium only. The effects of smoking on the pathways involving these metabolites have been previously demonstrated in humans. Most of the other discriminating compounds, which were merely tentatively or not fully identified, were amino acids or amino acid derivatives. In conclusion, our preliminary data suggest that some of the potentially adverse effects related to smoking may also be expected when nicotine is consumed via snuff or nicotine pouches.
인공지능 문자 인식 모델을 통해 추출된 텍스트로, 일부 오타나 오류가 포함될 수 있으나 지속적으로 개선 중입니다.
오류를 발견하셨다면 해당 부분을 드래그한 후 ' 를 통해 신고해주세요.
오류를 발견하셨다면 해당 부분을 드래그한 후 ' 를 통해 신고해주세요.
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